Mealworm is the larva stage of Tenebrio molitor L. beetle which is used for pet feed. The aim of this research was to analyze the effect of feeding medias to support the growth of mealworm. The compared feeding media were 100% dry tofu by product as a control, 100% rice bran, 100% rice husk, 50% dry tofu by product + 50% rice bran, 50% dry tofu by product + 50% rice husk and 50% rice husk + 50% rice bran. Randomized Complete Design was used as the experimental design with 6 treatments with 3 replications for each treatment. The result showed that body weight and body length were not significantly different (P>0.05) among media, but mortality and pupation were significantly different (P<0.05). The feeding media with 50% dry tofu by product + 50% rice bran are better to use because it can increase feed consumption, percentage of pupation, and reduce mortality.

ABSTRAKSapi lokal merupakan salah satu andalan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan daging dalam negeri, meskipun tingkat produktivitas dan kualitas dagingnya relatif rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji performa produksi dan kualitas daging sapi lokal yang digemukkan dengan ransum berbasis serealia pada taraf energi pakan yang berbeda. Penelitian menggunakan sapi Sumba Ongole (SO) sebanyak 9 ekor dengan rataan bobot awal 254,67 ± 20,7 kg dan umur sapi I1-I2 (1830 bulan). Sapi dipelihara selama empat bulan dengan perlakuan pakan tiga taraf energi (TDN) berbeda, yaitu ransum energi rendah (ER), energi sedang (ES), dan energi tinggi (ET) masing-masing sebesar 57,88, 63,72, dan 69,67. Kandungan protein dari ketiga ransum tersebut relatif sama, yaitu berkisar 12,4212,96. Parameter yang diamati meliputi performa sapi (konsumsi ransum, pertambahan bobot badan harian, dan konversi ransum), sifat-sifat karkas (bobot karkas, persentase karkas, tebal lemak punggung, dan luas urat daging mata rusuk ke 12/13); serta kualitas daging (nilai pH, daya mengikat air, keempukan, susut masak, marbling score, dan warna daging). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sapi dengan ransum ET memiliki bobot hidup dan nilai marbling yang lebih tinggi, serta penggunaan ransum lebih efisien dibandingkan dengan ransum ER dan ES. Performa produksi dan kualitas daging sapi lokal dapat ditingkatkan melalui penggemukan dengan ransum berenergi tinggi.Kata kunci: kualitas daging, performa produksi, sapi lokal, taraf energi ransum ABSTRACT Local beef cattle is still the major source of domestic beef consumption, yet their productivity and quality is relatively low. This study was aimed to investigate productivity and meat quality traits of local beef cattle through fattening using cereals based concentrate containing different energy level. Nine Ongole cattle with average initial liveweight of 254.67 ± 20.7 kg and age between I1-I2 permanent incisor teeth were used in the study. They were fattened for four months and alloted into three different energy rations; they were low (ER) 57.88 TDN, medium (ES) 63.72 TDN, and high (ET) 69.67 TDN. The three rations had simmilar protein contents, between 12.4212.96. Observed parameters included cattle performance (ration and nutrition dry mater intake, daily gain, and feed conversion), carcass traits (carcass weight and percentage, fat thickness, and loin eye area at the 12 th rib), and meat quality traits (pH, water holding capacity, tenderness, cooking loss, marbling score, and meat color). The results showed that cattle fed with high energy (ET) ration had the highest body weight and marbling score, and more efficient in feed conversion than medium (ES) and low energy (ER) rations. Local beef cattle productivity and there meat quality could be improve through fattening using high energy cereals based concentrate. Keywords: energy ration, local beef cattle, meat quality, production performance PENDAHULUAN Kebutuhan masyarakat dalam negeri terhadap daging akan terus meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan jumlah pendud...

The objective of this studi was to determine development strategy of beef cattle based on the physical characteristics of Tangerang Selatan city. The primary data were obtained from interviews with stakeholders. Secondary data were obtained from relevant agencies and literature review. The analytical method that was used in this study was a combination of Hierarchy Analysis Procedure (AHP) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The results showed that Tangerang Selatan city has enough carrying capacity for beef cattle production based on land characteristics, suitabilities and forage carrying capacity. The priority development of beef cattle was determined based on potential and developmental direction of Tangerang Selatan city which are Pondok Aren, Ciputat, Serpong Utara and Ciputat, respectively.

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan di Kepahiang, Provinsi Bengkulu dengan tujuan untuk mengevaluasi penerapan sistem integrasi perkebunan kopi dengan lebah madu Apis cerana terhadap produksi madu dan produksi kopi. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan dua perlakuan dan 10 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produksi madu lebih tinggi 114% daripada madu yang dihasilkan di luar perkebunan kopi. Sejalan dengan produksi madu, produksi kopi juga lebih tinggi 10,55% dari pada produksi kopi pada kebun yang penyerbukannya tidak dengan Apis cerana.Key words: Apis cerana, kopi, integrasi, produksi.

The aim of this study was to evaluate productivity of beef cattle through the utilization soybean by-product.Twelve Madura cattle with and average initial liveweight of 175.64 ± 16.41 kg and aged between I1-I2 (18-30 months) were used in this study fattened for three monthsgiven differentfeeds level, ie. P0 (100% native grass), P1(40% roughage + 60% concentrate), P2(15% of soybean pod+ 85% concentrate), and P3(30% soybean pod + 70% concentrate). Observed parameters included production of soybean waste per hektar, carry capacity of cattle based of soybean waste, income over feed cost (IOFC), andRC ratio.The results showed that the production of soybean pods and tofu waste was 1.75 ton/ha, and 0.44 ton/ha. This results indicated that carry capasity of soybean wastes for cattle production was of8,95 ST/ha/year, and 1,91 ST/ha/year respentively. Economy analisis based on income over feed cost and R/C ratio results showed that use of soybean waste was to replaces forage quite potensial for farmer, especially in the region to here soybean production is high.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of the policy of the Governor of Nusa Tenggara Timur regarding the quota of beef cattle exports to areas of a national beef consumer toward the development of the Bali cattle population on Timor Island, East Nusa Tenggara. Determination of the location by purposive sampling based on physical criteria (land area), biology (availability and population of Bali cattle), and socio-culture (policy) so that the sampling locations representing the agroecosystem of plantations in Kupang district. The material used was 57 Bali cattle and involved 107 respondents of Bali cattle farmers. Respondents were interviewed using a questionnaire of reproduction status of Bali cattle. In addition to interviews, field observations were also conducted to measure the response of Bali cattle production. This research uses primary and secondary data. Data analysis is done by building a dynamic system using Powersim and interpreting simulation results for the next 30 years.The results showed a significant decrease in the population of Bali cattle over the next 30 years due to the high mortality of calves and female parent, low reproductive status of the female, and the export of cattle from uncontrolled agroecosystems. The results of this study indicate that the beef cattle export quota currently determined by local governments needs to be reviewed. The strategy to improve the quality of Bali cattle production in plantation agroecosystems to support cattle export quotas from Timor Island namely (1) farmers and local governments in striving to increase the population of Bali cattle in the agroecosystem of plantation can be done with a technical approach including prevention of death of cattle to the lowest level (<5% per year) and limitations on cattle exports according to the ability of the region; (2) improving the reproductive quality of Bali cattle through artificial insemination or controlled mating management so that it is more efficient; and (3) the government and stakeholders need to review the policy to determined cattle export quotas and improve the reproductive status of cattle in good breeding practice.

This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of complete rations containing soybean pod and soybean by-products (soybean meal and tofu waste) on rumen microbial population, fermentation characteristics, nutrient digestibility, and nitrogen retention of Madura cattle. Twelve Madura cattle of 1.5 years of age were given 4 feeding treatments in triplicates in randomized block design experiment. The treatments included T0 (100% native grass) as a negative control, T1 (concentrate: grass (60:40) as a positive control, T2 (complete ration containing 15% soybean pods), and T3 (complete ration containing 30% soybean pods). The treatments were based on feeding practices commonly applied by farmers in the village. The results showed that the use of concentrate rations or complete rations containing soybean pod and by-product did not affect protozoa population, ammonia concentration, and total VFA production compared to cattle fed 100% native grass. In contrast, the use of concentrate rations or complete rations containing soybean pod and by-products reduced acetate and increased butyrate proportion compared to native grass. The use of a concentrate ration resulted the highest propionate proportion. Methane estimation increased with the use of concentrate ration or complete ration containing 15% soybean pod, but it decreased when the level of soybean pod was increased to 30%. It can be concluded that soybean pod has a potential to be used as a fiber source in beef cattle ration to substitute native grass.Keywords: rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen retention, madura cattle, soybean pod ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh ransum komplit yang mengandung kulit polong kedelai dan hasil ikutan kedelai (bungkil kedelai dan ampas tahu) pada populasi mikrob rumen, karakteristik fermentasi, kecernaan nutrien, dan retensi nitrogen. Penelitian menggunakan 12 ekor sapi Madura umur 1,5 tahun. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok dengan 4 perlakuan pakan dan setiap perlakuan terdiri atas 3 kelompok sebagai ulangan. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah T0 (100% rumput lapang)/kontrol negatif, T1 (konsentrat:hijauan= 60:40)/ kontrol positif, T2 (ransum komplit yang mengandung kulit polong kedelai 15%), dan T3 (ransum komplit yang mengandung kulit polong kedelai 30%). Perlakuan yang digunakan berbasis pada pakan yang biasa digunakan oleh rakyat peternak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ransum komplit yang mengandung ikutan kedelai serta kulit polong kedelai 15% dan 30% tidak mempengaruhi populasi protozoa, konsentrasi amonia, dan produksi VFA total dibandingkan dengan ransum yang 100% rumput lapang. Sebaliknya, penggunaan ransum konsentrat atau ransum komplit yang mengandung kulit polong kedelai dan hasil ikutan kedelai mampu menurunkan proporsi asetat dan meningkatkan proporsi butirat dibandingkan dengan ternak yang mendapat rumput lapang saja. Penggunaan ransum konsentrat menghasilkan proporsi propionat yang paling tinggi. Estimasi metan meningkat dengan penggunaan ransum kon...

The Environment is one of the factors influencing the development and productivity of the bee colony. Favourable environment will significantly support bee productivity. The factors which influence the bees activity include temperature, humidity, light intensity, wind speed, rainfall, and food availability. The aims of this study are to know the influence of environmental factors on activity and propolis production of stingless bees. This study used six colonies of Tetragonula laeviceps into two different locations, monoculture and polyculture nutmeg farm. The method used is a direct observation of the activities and propolis production of stingless bee and analyzed by t-test. The study results of T. laeviceps in monoculture and polyculture farms showed that the activity of the bees was influenced by environmental factors influencing propolis production. The activities would start when the temperatures ranged from 22-23 oC, humidity 70-88%, and light intensity 183-4344 lux. The peak activity of the bees occurred at the temperatures of 26-28 oC, humidity 55-71%, and light intensity 46.875-91.347 lux. The propolis produced by T. laeviceps was 27.79 g in the monoculture farm and 48.80 g in the polyculture farm. The significant difference was predominantly due to the environmental factors.