The background of the study is the existence of Fiqh Muhammadiyah and Fiqh Nahdlatul Ulama in coping with disaster, in response to the phenomenon of disasters happened in Indonesia, which has taken many victims and caused various losses. Muhammadiyah and Nahdlatul Ulama are two largest Islamic community organizations in this country, so the way on managing the society is always interesting to study, including FIQH (ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE) of coping the disaster. Based on the reasons above, the backgrounds of the study are how do muhammadiyah and nahdhatul ulama apply their fiqh (islamic jurisprudence) to cope with disaster? and why do they apply their fiqh? This study is library research using qualitative design and comparing between the two fiqhs from both Muhammadiyah and Nahdatul ulama. The researcher applies Philosophical approaches, through the term epistemilogi bayani, burhani dan irfani as instruments to clarify the content of both fiqhs to find the answer for both research problems above. The findings are the guideline and methodhology used both Muhammadiyah and Nahdatul ulama covered in both fiqhs; there are several differences on the Basic conceptions related to beliefs and Aqida; ethical and moral formulations and practical things. Muhammadiyah Fiqh explained in details regarding with practical procedures and steps of worship in coping with disaster, while Nahdlatul Ulama Fiqh explained only practical guidelines in coping with disaster. The other finding is related to the triple epistimology. The point of bayani on both fiqhs are relatively similar, same level and size. The point of burhani on Muhammadiyah fiqh gave deeper understanding than Nahdlatul Ulama fiqh. And the point of irfani neither muhammadiyah nor Nahdlatul Ulama seem to use it. The fact of the differences refers to the basic methodology from both organizations; Muhammadiyah refers from verse and hadith, while Nahdlatul Ulama refers from aqwal ulama, although both of them refer to the verse, hadith and the decree of classical ulama (preachers)
The economic crises are occurred not only in the developing countries, but also in the developed ones. The signals provide a strong approval that economic based on capitalism and socialism has failed to create prosperity and to humanize the human-being themselves. Furthermore, Moslem countries which are the victims of both capitalism and socialism are getting sufferer, since they are trapped on foreign loan with high interest accumulation. Consequently, those Moslem countries cannot develop themselves, for their natural resources are more given to the developed countries as compensation and investment. The remaining is for foreign loan payment and is often corrupted. If collaboration is established based on a mutual interest, foreign hegemony towardsthe developing countries is not occurred. From this point, it is important to develop economy using the maqashid system which is planning and involving the substantial problem. The system proposes the investment loan must be used to develop productive sectors, such as infrastructure and facilities of education and training in order that the society has skill to live independent, and capable to improve their prosperity.
Individual identity in politics is not a trivial matter. Identity is a signifier of mean-
Banyak kalangan menganggap bahwa fikih tidak lagi menjadi dirinya sendiri yang dinamis mengikuti gerak hidup umat muslim. Bahkan, ia dianggap problem utama dan menghambat kemajuan karena tidak sedikit aspek-aspek hukum yang belum dijawab oleh fikih. Sehingga tidak mengherankan jika saat ini fikih seolah-olah lumpuh karena tersandra oleh mazhab yang mengakibatkan fikih terjangkit penyakit trombosis. Tulisan ini akan membahas krisis nalar fikih dengan menggunakan bantuan model epistemologi yang diperkenalkan oleh Muhammad Abed Al-Jabiri dan Muhammad Abu Al-Qasim Haj Hamad. Melalui tulisan ini, diharapkan nalar fikih bisa kembali sehat dan mampu menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan baik klasik maupun kontemporer melalui perpekstif epistemologi Jabirian dan Hamadian. Perspektif Jabirian digali secara sistematis, analitis, logis melalui karya Al-Jabiri yang sangat monumental yaitu "Madkhal ila Falsafat al-'Ulum al-Aqlaniyyah". Kemudian, komposisi budaya yang membentuk nalar klasik untuk memahami nash Al-Quran hanya dapat diungkap melalui epistemologi atau filsafat ilmu yang terbarukan dan diperkaya dengan konsep-konsep keilmuan Islam. Al-Jabiri memaparkan tentang dominasi Bedouin serta pengaruhnya dalam membaca nash Al-Qur'an. Sedangkan,Haj Hamad ingin mengawal syariah Islamiyah agar tetap menyandang predikat agama yang penuh rahmah serta untuk membebaskan Al-Quran dari kepicikan dan kesempitan teologis menuju horizon universal. Sehingga apa yang dipraktikkan Al-Jabiri dan Haj Hamad dalam memaknai tasyri` al-munazzal dalam menjelaskan relatifitas tasyri` dikorelasikan dengan situasi dan kondisi historis, agar interpretasi itu tidak kehilangan nalar fikih.
The economic crises are occurred not only in the developing countries, but also in the developed ones. The signals provide a strong approval that economic based on capitalism and socialism has failed to create prosperity and to humanize the human-being themselves. Furthermore, Moslem countries which are the victims of both capitalism and socialism are getting sufferer, since they are trapped on foreign loan with high interest accumulation. Consequently, those Moslem countries cannot develop themselves, for their natural resources are more given to the developed countries as compensation and investment. The remaining is for foreign loan payment and is often corrupted. If collaboration is established based on a mutual interest, foreign hegemony towardsthe developing countries is not occurred. From this point, it is important to develop economy using the maqashid system which is planning and involving the substantial problem. The system proposes the investment loan must be used to develop productive sectors, such as infrastructure and facilities of education and training in order that the society has skill to live independent, and capable to improve their prosperity.
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