Objective: To evaluate fluoride release and uptake behaviors of the new bioactive resin modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) (activa bioactive glass ionomer) compared to conventional glass ionomer cement(CGIC) (Fuji IX GP).Material and Methods: Forty specimens were prepared (10 mm x 2 mm) from Fuji IX GP glass ionomer and Activa Bioactive RMGI according to manufacturer's instructions. The specimens stored in deionized water and fluoride release were assessed daily in the first week then weekly till the third week using ion chromatography. The specimens of each material were divided into two equal subgroups according to the recharging agents used ; either0.05% mouth wash (226 ppm sodium fluoride, G.U.M, Sunstar, Germany, GmbH) or 5% sodium fluoride varnish (22.600ppm fluoride, enamel pro varnish Premier Dental, Plymouth Meeting, PA,19462,USA). Fluoride release after recharge was measured and recorded daily for a total of 5 days. Data were analyzed by Two way ANOVA and Duncans test (α = 0.05) using the SPSS software program.Results: CGIC release higher amount of fluoride than RMGIC. Professionally applied fluoride varnish showed better recharging ability than home care fluoride mouth wash and CGIC had greater recharge ability than new RMGIC.

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The effect of two natural agents (as adjuvants) on the efficiency of some insecticides (biofly, malathon, nudrin and challenger) were determined by using pneumatic knapsack motor sprayer(Kubota)at 95 L./ fed. against nymphal and adult stages of Thrips tabaci infesting onion and garlic plants .The additives used were bio new film(bnf) and glue .The results indicated an increase of efficiency of the tested insecticides as a result of mixing with these adjuvants. The effect of(malathon, nudrin, challenger and biofly after malathon) at 0.75 recommended rate on the initial percent reduction nymphs and adult stages of T.tabaci infesting onion at the 1 st season seemed to exceed the recommended rate when mixed with (bnf) which caused 59.

Objective: To evaluate the influence of FSSs on surface roughness of restorative materials. Materials and Methods: Eighty discs of Equia forte, Activa Bioactive composite, Cention-N, and Tetric-N Ceram Bulk Fill were prepared in a customized mold (2×10mm). The discs of each restorative material were divided into 2 subgroups as follows: one immersed in 50% aqueous ethanol (FSS1), and the other in methyl ethyl ketone (FSS2). The specimens were stored in the solutions for one week at 37 o C. Surface roughness was measured before, and after immersion and the statistical analysis was performed by One Way (ANOVA) followed by post Hoc Tukey test for pairwise comparison. Percent of change was done using Z -test. Results: All the tested groups showed significance differences for ∆Ra in both FSSs. There were significance differences between FSS1 (∆Ra1) for all the tested groups, and FSS2 (∆Ra2) between Activa Bioactive and Cention-N. There was a statistical significance difference between ∆Ra 1 and ∆Ra 2 for Cention-N group. Conclusions: The effect of FSSs on alkasite based restorative material is comparable to that of the most commonly used tooth-colored direct restorative materials in clinical practice.

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