Solid organ transplantation appears to have the strongest HLA alloimmunization effect followed by pregnancy and blood transfusion, especially for class II HLA antigens. Patients who were sensitized by more than one sensitization event have a lower chance to have a solid organ transplantation. In this case, identification of donor-specific antibodies and the results of the cross-match tests play an important role both before and postrenal transplantation.

Objective: Antibodies against HLA class I and II antigens are important in kidney transplantations because they cause rejections. Not only antibodies against HLA antigens but also those against non-HLA antigenic system play a role in antibody mediated rejections. In this study it was aimed to detect HLA-and non-HLA antibodies in individuals that experienced rejection attack. Method: Thirteen patients, who clinically experienced rejection episodes according to the biochemical test results after transplantation, were tested by lymphocyte crossmatch (by using the lymphocytes of their living related donors) and non-HLA specific anti-endothelial crossmatch methods. Results: Antibodies specific for Tie-2 receptor positive cells were not detected. The results of XM-ONE cross-match and flow crossmatch tests were found to be compatible with each other. Conclusion: In conclusion, it was considered that immunosuppressive treatment protocols and surgical complications play important role in rejection attacks. Further studies can contributed to determination of graft survival.

Lives of patients with solid organ failure depend physically, emotionally, and economically on others. Improvement in organ transplantation is one of the most important medical breakthroughs of the twenty-first century. "eing healthy upon organ transplantation is the second chance to live the life. This is frequently observed in heart-, lung-, and liver-transplanted patients. For instance, upon kidney transplantation, dialysis dependence terminates and life quality of the patients increases. The major difficulty in organ transplantation is the low number of organ donation. Thus, the number of patients in the waiting list for the cadaveric transplantation increases day by day. Under these limited circumstances, required conditions should be further provided for the long survival rates of recipients with allogeneic graft without any problem. Human leukocyte antigen HL" tissue typing and anti-HL" antibodies produced before and after the transplantation adversely affect the graft survival and thus the survival of an individual. Investigation of pretransplantation immune status of recipients is significant. Particularly, donor-specific anti-HL" antibodies determine early and long-term graft survival. Flow cytometer is one of the most important devices used in anti-HL" antibody detection and also for other clinical and scientific purposes. Compared to conventional methods, it supports transplantation clinics due to its high sensitivity and specificity. The use of flow cytometer dependent methods in transplantation field increases progressively.

Objectives There are several hypotheses on the effects of the rs1738074 T/C single nucleotide polymorphism in the TAGAP gene; however, there has been no study on Turkish pediatric patients. We aimed to investigate the association of celiac disease (CD) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) comorbidity with the polymorphism in the TAGAP gene of Turkish pediatric patients. Methods Totally, 127 pediatric CD patients and 100 healthy children were included. We determined the polymorphism by the allele-specific polymerase chain reaction method. We used IBM SPSS Statistics version 25.0 and Arlequin 3.5.2 for the statistical analyses. The authors have no conflict of interest. Results It was determined that 72% (n=154) of only CD patients had C allele, whereas 28% (n=60) had T allele. Of the patients with celiac and T1DM, 42.5% (n=17) and 57.5% (n=23) had T and C alleles, respectively. Of the individuals in control group, 67% (n=134) had C allele, whereas 33% (n=66) had T allele. Conclusions There was no significant difference in the genotype and allele frequencies between the patient and control groups (p>0.05). There was no significant association between the disease risk and the polymorphism in our study group.

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