In this study, the use of smartphones by children during family dinners at home and the e-communication behaviors of children through their smartphones at dinnertime were examined from the perspective of parents. The objectives were to determine children’s use of smartphones and priority they give to their smartphones, to find out the effect of such use and priority on the importance given to family dinners at home, and to examine whether such use and priority make it difficult for the family to come together for dinner. A new scale was developed to determine children’s use of smartphones and their e-communication behaviors through their smartphones during dinnertime. The findings showed that the priority given to smartphones made it challenging for the family to come together for dinner and that the use of smartphones during the meal had a negative effect on the dinner; additionally, the priority given to smartphones affected the dinner not only negatively but also positively. This contradiction was interpreted based on the assumption that the priority given to smartphones by children makes it difficult for the family to gather for dinner. On the other hand, when the children keep their smartphones in a passive position but at a reachable distance, the importance and concentration they give to the meal could increase.
Considered as the 'Heartland of the World' by Mackinder, Central Asia has an essential influence on the power dynamics of the world. With the advantage of the revitalisation of the ancient Silk Road, Russia, United States of America, European Union, China and Turkey have different outcomes with their policy implications on the framework of complex interdependency. Due to the different bargaining powers, vulnerabilities and purposes of the states, each power has focused on the region in a different way. So, this paper aims to analyse the power dynamics on the region via revitalisation of the Silk Road on the concept of complex interdependency. Within the selected articles and journals, literature reviews for the theoretical framework and policy papers for the policy implications is used to deepen the analysis. To do so, the complex interdependency model will be analysed under three different aspects to explain its policy implications on the region, such as economic dimension, energy security section and human rights and democratization issues.
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