Malaysian pure prime pressed and deodorised cocoa butters were obtained from local cocoa grinders and analysed for quality deterioration. Approximately 5 kg of each sample was packed in corrugated paper boxes lined with low-density polyethylene plastic material of thickness 73.2 µm. The water vapour transmission rate and gas transmission rate (for oxygen) of the plastic material were 3.21 g m −2 day −1 (37.8 • C, 90 ± 2% RH) and 71.57 cm 3 m −2 day −1 (23.0 • C, 0% RH) respectively. The butters were stored at 15 ± 4 • C and 70 ± 4% RH for up to 24 months. Samples were taken every 2 months and analysed for free fatty acid content, saponification value, iodine value, refractive index and peroxide value. The findings indicated that the free fatty acid content, iodine value and peroxide value of both types of cocoa butter increased with storage duration. The other parameters showed no significant changes. However, the free fatty acid content and peroxide value after 24 months of storage were still below the limits specified in Malaysia. Therefore we conclude that both types of Malaysian cocoa butter are still in good condition after 24 months of storage, with minimal quality deterioration.

Abstract. Stingless bees are very sensitive to the changes of surrounding temperature. A report stated that fertility rate in broodcell is 0% when the broodcell temperature is higher than 34°C or lower than 26°C. In addition, propolis made honey pot in a honey cassette also could melt when temperature is high. Therefore, the objective of this research is to investigate the temperature profile of a ventilated honey cassette exposed to outdoor conditions, and to evaluate the temperature regulation in the hive using the ventilated honey cassette. To achieve these objectives, two hives with conventional and ventilated honey cassettes were exposed under sun light in cloudy and sunny day. Temperature inside each hive was measured at 3 points and was compared. It was found that there is no significant different between the hives when both hives were exposed under direct sunlight in a cloudy day. However, two significant improvements were found for ventilated hive in sunny day. It could help to reduce temperature at wall of honey cassette consistently below 33°C. This could avoid the melting of propolis around the ventilated wall area. Furthermore, it could facilitate in better temperature reduction as compared to the conventional honey cassette. However, further study when there is a colony inside the hives must also be conducted to validate the results.