The aim of the article is to analyze the influence of corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives by firm on firm performance and firm risk. Moreover, the mediating role of firm reputation in CSR/performance and CSR/risk relationship is also examined. Data were collected from European and Asian firms listed on Fortune's Most Admired Countries for the period 2014-2018. Using logit regression model and OLS regressions, we find that CSR has a significant positive influence on firm reputation and firm performance whereas on firm risk it is negative. Based on our results, we also confirm that firm reputation does mediate the relationship between CSR-firm performance and CSR-firm risk. This study adds to CSR related literature by providing more reliable and objective evidence on the role of firm reputation in CSR engagement and also provides direction for future studies in this context.
A developed banking sector provides the impetus for the economy to grow. However, in order to maintain financial stability and sustain negative shocks, it is important to understand the factors that influence the profitability of banks. The aim of the study was to analyse the effect of internal and external factors on the profitability of banks in Pakistan for the period 2007-2015. Fixed effects model was used to analyse the effect of internal and external factors on the profitability of banks in Pakistan. The findings of the study revealed that among internal factors only bank size and asset composition significantly influences the profitability of banks whereas in the external determinants only real interest rates and GDP growth rates has a significant effect on the profitability of banks.
Job stress is a common phenomenon that affects individual employees and their output. As male and female are generally considered two classes of employees, this paper looks at whether there is any significant difference that male and female are facing due to job stress. To investigate this question, we have tried to empirically test this phenomenon in an NGO, SUNGI. This is a qualitative study for which data has been collected through semi-structured interview. The collected data has been analyzed by Miles and Huberman's (1994) three steps of data reduction, data display and conclusion was applied. The results, almost all, are inline with past empirical evidences on job stress and its impact on job performance. However, it is bigger for the female to cope with as compared to the male. The results have implications for all the stakeholders in the system.
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