A viable cost-effective and isocratic approach employing C-18 column (250 mm • 4.6 mm, 5 lm) based HPLC has been utilized to separate and estimate the drug, tranexamic acid in pharmaceutical formulations. Tranexamic acid contains no p-electrons to act as fluorophore or chromophore hence pre-column derivatization was performed with benzene sulfonyl chloride in aqueous medium at room temperature. The derivatized drug was then estimated using C-18 column by exploiting a 25:75 (v/v) solvent mixture of acetonitrile and 0.1 M ammonium acetate (pH 5.0) as the mobile phase. The flow rate of mobile phase was 1 mL/min and detection was performed at a wavelength of 232 nm using UV detector. Retention time of tranexamic acid was 4.42 min. The method followed linear regression equation in the concentration range of 1-100 lg/mL with coefficient of determination equal to 0.9994. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation were 0.3 and 1 lg/mL, respectively. The relative standard deviation and recovery ranges for tranexamic acid were found to be 0.11-2.47% and 97.60-103.25%, respectively. The suggested method is very sensitive and may have the potential to be used for tranexamic acid detection in medicinal formulations.
Genome -based technologies are being instigated to manipulate the structure and function of the genome and to identify the genes of interest for genetic modification of economically important species. Genome editing technologies have also been designed for genetic manipulation of aquaculture species to increase production and quality with minimum investment costs. DNA marker technologies are the most widely used genome technologies. DNA fingerprints are used to construct physical maps while genetic maps are based upon meiotic recombination. BAC fingerprinting is the commonly used method for physical mapping. Next- generation sequencers revolutionized science and allowed the de-novo whole genome sequencing. QTL mapping has made it possible to identify the genes responsible for a particular trait. Government involvement and better training of aqualturists are direly needed to reinforce the practical implications of genome- based technologies.
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