IMPORTANCE Women in ophthalmology are growing in number and have made strides in traditional metrics of professional achievement. Professional ties to industry represent another potential means of career advancement, recognition, and income.OBJECTIVE To report the representation of women among ophthalmologists receiving industry remuneration for research, consulting, honoraria, grants, royalties, and faculty/speaker roles. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSIn this observational, retrospective study, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Open Payments database for payments to ophthalmologists by biomedical companies was reviewed for representation, median payments, and mean payments by women and men for industry relationships in 2013 and 2014. The analysis was performed from July 2015 to November 2015. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESThe primary outcome measures were percentage representation of women vs men overall and in industry research, consulting, speaking roles, royalties and licenses, grants, services other than consulting, and honoraria. Secondary outcome measures included mean and median payments from industry to female vs male ophthalmologists. RESULTSIn 2013, 4164 of 21 380 (19.5%) ophthalmologists were women, and of 1204 ophthalmologists analyzed for industry payments, 176 (4.2%) women had industry ties compared with 1028 (6%) men (P < .

The number of women in ophthalmology is rising. Little is known about their clinical activity and collections.OBJECTIVE To examine whether charges, as reflected in reimbursements from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) to ophthalmologists, differ by sex and how disparity relates to differences in clinical activity.

No abstract

No abstract

PurposeTo demonstrate the demographic, anatomic, and diagnostic classification of patients with uveitis seen in a tertiary care center in central Virginia.MethodsRetrospective chart review of patient demographics, disease characteristics, and disease severity-related outcomes (therapies, visual outcomes, and complications) from 1984 to 2014.ResultsThere were 491 patients (644 eyes) with mean age of 46 years (±21.4 years) and mean duration of follow up of 4.8 years (±6.8 years). Of these, 278 patients were female (56.6%). Further, 60.5% were Caucasian, and 27.3% were African American. The anatomic types seen were anterior uveitis (67.3%), panuveitis (14.5%), posterior uveitis (12.6%), and intermediate uveitis (5.3%). The most common etiology was post-traumatic (12.2%), followed by post-procedural (10.0%), herpetic (7.9%), human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27-associated (6.7%), and sarcoidosis (6.7%). Herpetic uveitis was more common among Caucasians than African Americans (sex-adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 7.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] [2.12, 50.00]), and sarcoidosis was more common among African Americans than Caucasians (sex-adjusted OR: 6.54, 95% CI [2.98, 15.29]). Herpetic anterior uveitis was more common among females than males (race-adjusted OR: 3.03, 95% CI [1.32, 7.71]). Multifocal choroiditis was more common among males than females (race-adjusted OR: 9.09, 95% CI [1.47, 100.00]). Mean logMAR visual acuity was 0.18 at initial and final visit. A total 388 (79%) and 133 (27.3%) patients received local and systemic steroids, respectively. A total 52 patients (10.6%) received an antimetabolite. A total 116 patients (23.7%) were managed with topical glaucoma medication. A total 43 (8.8%), 129 (26.4%), and 46 patients (9.4%) underwent glaucoma surgery, cataract surgery, and vitrectomy, respectively.ConclusionOver the period of this study, Caucasian patients were more frequently seen than non-Caucasians, although African Americans constituted a considerable size of study population. The most common diagnoses were undifferentiated anterior uveitis, traumatic uveitis, post-procedural uveitis, herpetic disease, HLA-B27 associated uveitis, and sarcoidosis. Unlike previous reports, traumatic and post-procedural uveitis were frequently reported. Mean visual acuity remained stable from initial to final visit.

No abstract

No abstract

Ophthalmic imaging has undergone a revolution over the past 20 years with increasingly efficient and high-definition modalities now available. The use of wide-field retinal angiography, fundus autofluorescence, state-of-the-art spectral domain, and enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography has proven to be effective in this field. This comprehensive review is devoted to retinal and optic disk imaging modalities and their clinical implications. It is based on the published literature in the field of ophthalmic imaging with a focus on recent advances. Ophthalmic imaging plays a crucial role in the management of patients with both isolated retinal disease and systemic diseases with ocular manifestations. Evolving technology enables imaging of ocular disease in vivo, facilitating objective assessment of disease progression and response to treatment. These latest technical improvements in ophthalmic imaging are now a part of standard ophthalmic assessment in academic centers and most private practices. In the coming years, further advances may improve diagnostic sensitivity and enable cost-effective screening of large populations.