As the number of user equipment (UE) in any heterogeneous network (HetNet) assisted by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) continues to grow, so does the number of intruder nodes. The intruder/malicious nodes are able to interfere with the ongoing data transmission in the network and carry out different kinds of active and passive attacks such as spoofing, masquerading, impersonating, and so on in the network thus requiring an optimized security technique for the network. This article implements the novel functional encryption (FE) technique in the proposed UAV assisted HetNet model for the dense urban area to secure data against such intrusions. In this network model, UAV acts as a relay node for those UE which are in nonline‐of‐sight communication with macro based station (MBS). For securing the data transmission among UAV, UE, and MBS, FE technique is implemented in the network in two phases: the first phase between UE and MBS and the second phase between MBS and UE through UAV. During implementation, the Dolev‐Yao attack model is considered in which intruders are able to intercept or modify the UE data. The main objective of the FE technique implementation is to provide security from such intrusion attacks. The proposed methodology is validated using automated validation of Internet security protocols and applications (AVISPA) tool. The results of the AVISPA tool clearly indicate that the proposed technique is safe to implement in the UAV assisted HetNet, even in the presence of intruder nodes.
Dual-band L-shaped substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) Slot antenna is proposed in this paper. The proposed L-shaped structure is constructed using two different slots oriented along longitudinal and transversal direction to feed. The longitudinal slot produces single band measured response with frequency range of 13.16 GHz to 13.38 GHz with 13.28 GHz as the center frequency. Along with, the transversal slot produces single band measured response with frequency range of 10.18 GHz to 10.34 GHz with 10.25 GHz as the central frequency. These two different slots are combined into a single L-shaped slot, which produces dual band measured response with frequency range of 10.84 GHz to 11.01 GHz and 12.60 GHz to 12.78 GHz. The center frequencies are 10.93 GHz and 12.69 GHz. The gain of the designed antenna is 6.58 dB and 6.82 dB at 10.93 GHz and 12.69 GHz, respectively. The analysis is carried out using the HFSS software, and the simulated results are verified using the measurements. Index Terms -Dual-band/multi-band, microstrip, SIW, slot antenna, waveguide.
The development and adopting of advanced communication technologies provide mobile users more convenience to connect any wireless network anytime and anywhere. Therefore, a large number of base stations (BS) are demanded keeping users connectivity, enhancing network capacity, and guarantee a sustained users Quality of Experiences (QoS). However, increasing the number of BS leads to an increase in the ecological ad radiation hazards. In order to green communication, many factors should be taken into consideration, i.e., saving energy, guarantee QoS, and reducing pollution hazards. Therefore, we propose tethered balloon technology that can replace a large number of BS and reduce ecological and radiation hazards due to its high altitude and feasible green and healthy broadband communication. The main contribution of this paper is to deploy tethered balloon technology at different altitude and measure the power density. Furthermore, we evaluate the measurement of power density from different height of tethered balloon comparison with traditional wireless communication technologies. The simulation results showed that tethered balloon technology can deliver green communication effectively and efficiently without any hazardous impacts.
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