SummaryThis paper reports the structural and optical properties and comparative photocatalytic activity of TiO2 and Ag-doped TiO2 nanoparticles against different bacterial strains under visible-light irradiation. The TiO2 and Ag-doped TiO2 photocatalysts were synthesized by acid catalyzed sol–gel technique and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV–vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL). The XRD pattern revealed that the annealed sample of TiO2 has both anatase and rutile phases while only an anatase phase was found in Ag-doped TiO2 nanoparticles. The decreased band-gap energy of Ag-doped TiO2 nanoparticles in comparison to TiO2 nanoparticles was investigated by UV–vis spectroscopy. The rate of recombination and transfer behaviour of the photoexcited electron–hole pairs in the semiconductors was recorded by photoluminescence. The antimicrobial activity of TiO2 and Ag-doped TiO2 nanoparticles (3% and 7%) was investigated against both gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli) bacteria. As a result, the viability of all three microorganisms was reduced to zero at 60 mg/30 mL culture in the case of both (3% and 7% doping) concentrations of Ag-doped TiO2 nanoparticles. Annealed TiO2 showed zero viability at 80 mg/30 mL whereas doped Ag-TiO2 7% showed zero viability at 40 mg/30 mL culture in the case of P. aeruginosa only.
Molecular subtypes-based therapies offer new potential framework for desired and precise outcome in clinical settings. Current treatment strategies in colorectal cancer are largely ‘one drug fit all’ model for patients that display same pathological conditions. However, CRC is a very heterogenous set of malignancy that does not support for above criteria. Each subtype displays different pathological and genetic signatures. Based on these features, therapeutic stratification for individual patients may be designed, which may ultimately lead to improved therapeutic outcomes. In this comprehensive review, we have attempted to briefly outline major CRC pathways. A detailed overview of molecular subtypes and their clinical significance has been discussed. Present and future methods, governing CRC subtyping in the era of personalized therapy with a special emphasis on CMS subtypes of CRC has been reviewed. Together, discovery and validation of new CRC patient stratification methods, screening for novel therapeutic targets, and enhanced diagnosis of CRC may improve the treatment outcome.
Hydrazone derivatives of vanillin are found to possess anti-bacterial activities. Based on higher bio-activity of hydrazones, new hydrazone derivatives were synthesized from Piperdine-4-carboxylicacid methyl ester (<b>1</b>). The compounds 1-pyrimidine-2-yl piperidine-4-carboxylicacid(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzylidine)-hy- drazide (<b>10</b>), 1-pyrimidine-2-yl piperidine-4-carboxylicacid (3,4-dimethoxy benzylidine) hydrazide (<b>11</b>), 1-pyrimidine-2-yl piperidine-4-carboxylicacid(4-butoxy-3-methoxy benzylidine)-hydrazide (<b>12</b>), 1-pyr- imidine-2-yl piperidine-4-carboxylicacid(3-methoxy-4(2-methoxy ethoxy) benzylidine)-hydrazide (<b>13</b>) were synthesized, purified and characterized by <sup>1</sup>HNMR, <sup>13</sup>CNMR, LCMS, FT-IR and HPLC techniques. The synthesized hydrazone derivatives were further checked for anti-bacterial activities by paper disc diffusion method against <i>Pseudomonas</i> <i>aeruginosa</i> and <i>Staphylococcus</i> <i>aureus</i> bacterial strains
Maghemite (γ-Fe 2 O 3) nanoparticles are synthesized by chemical co-precipitation technique in AOT-microemulsion with a view to have possible application for biotagging. The investigations by means of X-ray diffraction, isothermal magnetization M (H) and 57 Fe Mössbauer Spectroscopy show that the particles are nonspherical, mostly of rod shape. The inter-particle interaction is so large that even a powder sample of thickness about 40 mg/cm 2 shows preferential orientation of magnetic moments in the plane of the sample. The saturation magnetization is much lower than the expected values for maghemite.
In this study the preparation and characterization of a zinc MOF which gives blue luminescence and photocatalytic activity have been described The reaction of 2cyanopyridine, Zn(NO 3) 2 •4H 2 O and NaN 3 yielded a new 3D Zn(II) coordination polymer {(2PTZ) 2 Zn} n (1), where 2PTZ=5(2pyridyl)tetrazolate via in situ [2+3] cycloaddition reaction of the nitrile and the azide. Compound 1 was characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and singlecrystal X-ray crystallography. Crystal structure of the compound belongs to monoclinic space group C2/c with Z = 2I n1 the crosslinkage of the PTZ ligands and Zn(II) atoms forms an infinite 1D chain network. Further the one-dimensional chains are assembled into threedimensional network by hydrogen bonding. Thermal photoluminescence and photocatalytic properties of 1 were also been investigated.
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