Hydrothermal modification is a physically safe modification applied in a food product to enhance its functional properties and to extend the starch application in the food industry. Heat Moisture Treatment (HMT) and Annealing (ANN) affect the starch’s functional properties in its crystalline and digestive characteristics. Native starch is modified by HMT with 25% moisture content and 4 hours heating time, by ANN with starch and water ratio of 1:3 (w/w), and 10 hours at 50°C. Modified lesser yam starch by HMT and ANN have different crystalline and digestive characteristics from its native, although the modification do not change its granule morphology. The diffraction pattern of HMT starch is changed from A-type to A+B-type, but not on the ANN starch. Starch content and digestive value decreased, while amylose and resistant starch content increased compared to native starch. Hydrothermally modified starch could be considered as a raw material in thermally stable functional foods.
Modifikasi pati biji nangka dapat dilakukan dengan cara fisik (annealing, perlakuan panas lembab, pregelatiniasasi dan ekstrusi) dan cara kimia (eterifikasi, karboksimetilasi, esterifikasi, ikatan silang dan oksidasi). Modifikasi pati biji nangka tersebut dapat merubah sifat fisiko-kimia dari pati biji nangka alami. Perubahan sifat fisiko-kimia trersebut memungkinkan penggunaan pati biji nangka termodifikasi dalam bidang industri pangan. Review ini bertujuan untuk merangkum metode dan sifat fisiko-kimia pati biji nangka termodifikasi.
ABSTRAKPati biji lai (Durio kutejensis) cepat mengalami retrogradasi dan kestabilan pasta rendah sehingga dalam penggunaannya di bidang pangan kurang meluas. Hal ini dapat diatasi dengan cara modifikasi pati secara asetilasi menggunakan asetat anhidrat. Pati biji lai diasetilasi menggunakan asetat anhidrat konsetrasi 3% dan 4%, variasi waktu reaksi 15, 30, 45, dan 60 menit dan pH reaksi yang digunakan berkisar pada 8−8,5. Hasil yang berupa pati asetat biji lai kemudian dibandingkan dengan pati alaminya. Asetilasi pati biji lai menghasilkan derajat subtitusi (DS) tertinggi pada konsentrasi asetat anhidrat 4% yang direaksikan selama 15 menit, yaitu 0,22 dan memiliki tipe kristalinitas A. Hasil FTIR menunjukkan munculnya peak baru pada panjang gelombang 1735 cm -1 yang merupakan gugus karbonil dan melemahnya puncak gugus hidroksil pada pati asetat. Modifikasi pati biji lai secara asetilasi menurunkan viskositas puncak dari 1472 cP menjadi 1170 cP, nilai setback dari 172 cP menjadi 31cP, breakdown dari 798 cP menjadi 350 cP namun meningkatkan suhu gelatinisasi dari 75,85 °C menjadi 78,20 °C. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa modifikasi pati secara asetilasi pada biji lai dapat meningkatkan ketahanan terhadap retrogradasi dan menstabilkan pasta pati. Tingginya suhu gelatinisasi pati asetat biji lai dapat dimanfaatkan pada industri pangan yang membutuhkan suhu tinggi dalam proses produksinya. Kata kunci: Asetilasi; lai; modifikasi pati; pati biji lai ABSTRACT Lai (Durio kutejensis) seed starches have a high retrogradation ability and low paste stability so that its function in food industry is less widespread. This phenomenon can be overcome by starches modification, such as acetylation using asetat anhidrat as modifying agent. Lai seed starches was acetylated using asetat anhidrat 3% and 4%, the reaction time variation was 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes and the reaction pH used ranged from 8−8.5. The results were compared with the navite lai seed starch.Acetylation with a different amount of asetat anhidrat (3% and 4%) and different time of reaction (15, 30, 45, 60 min) give an optimum result of DS in 4% of asetat anhidrat with 15 minute of reaction time. DS that reached at those condition is 0.22 and has the same tipe as native starch (tipe A).The result of FTIR shown that there's a new peak at 1735 cm -1 which is a part of carbonyl group and the weakening of hydroxyl group peak of acetate starch. Acetylation decreased the final viscosity from 1472 cP to 1170 cP, setback value from 172 cM to 31cP, and breakdown from 798 cP to 350 cP. Meanwhile, the AlatAlat yang digunakan adalah pH meter, water bath, oven, pengering kabinet, mortar, blender, ayakan 60 mesh, kain saring, erlenmeyer, gelas ukur, magnetic pasting temperature increased after acetylation from 71.82 °C to 76.05 °C. These result indicate that acetylation increased the resistance of retrogradation, and high pasting stability.
Research has been carried out on seaweed-based irradiated functional food ingredients (carrageenan and alginate). This research aimed to determine and analyze the effect of irradiation on the Physico-chemical and microbiological quality of seaweed-based food ingredients. Sample preparation was carried out by preparing carrageenan and alginate flour, then packaged and irradiated with gamma rays at doses of 3, 5, and 7 kGy (0 kGy as control). Samples were stored at room temperature immediately after irradiation and then tested for Physico-chemical properties (moisture content, pH, water activity (aw), protein content, ash content, and viscosity) and microbiological properties (total aerobic microbes, total coliform, total molds and yeast). The results showed that the radiation dose of 3-7 kGy was effectively improved the hygienic quality of seaweed-based functional food (carrageenan and alginate) and optimum at a dose of 5-7 kGy, without changing the water content, pH, and aw. Meanwhile, the viscosity of the material increases with increasing radiation dose.
Lesser yam (Dioscorea esculenta L.) is a potential starch source that can be found easily in Indonesia but has limitations in its application due to its characteristics. For this reason, native lesser yam starch was modified to improve its functional properties. The hydrothermal modification was chosen because it is safe and environmentally friendly. The hydrothermal modifications used in this research were Heat Moisture Treatment (HMT) and Annealing (ANN). This work aims to increase the use of local tubers as an alternative starch source and to study the effect of hydrothermal modification on the functional properties of lesser yam starch such as swelling power, solubility, and freeze-thaw stability. HMT was carried out using 3 moisture levels (20%, 25%, 30%) and 3 heating time levels (4h, 8h, 16h). ANN using 3 starch and water ratio levels (1:2; 1:3; 1:5) and 3 heating time levels (6h, 8h, 10h). The results indicated that swelling power and solubility decreased with the increasing moisture level in HMT and ANN in general, but have various effects in syneresis depend on moisture level and heating time. HMT modified starch prepared at 25% moisture level and 4h heating time and ANN modified starch prepared at starch: water ratio 1:3 and heating time 10h is concluded to be the best choice for food product application especially thermally stable need food product.
This study was aimed to investigate the meatballs physical qualities that are irradiated with high-doses of gamma rays. This study used the irradiation method with the dosage of 20, 25 and 35 kGy and storage at room temperature. For the control (0 kGy), storage was done in the freezer. The results showed that at 0 month, the samples water contents at 20; 25; 35 kGy were 67,03%; 67,50%; 66,67%, with significant difference (p<0.05) to control 68,73%. Water content (%) at 2 months were 65,03%; 66.00%; 67.50% and control 63,23% 2 months has significant difference (p<0.05) but still meet the SNI standard (<70%). Optimum water activity was obtained at irradiation dose of 35 kGy. The pH results doses of 20; 25; 35 kGy for 0 month were 6,35; 6,34; 6,39 and 2 months were 6,59; 6,47; 6,46, respectively. pH of control was 5,87 at 0 month and 6,49 at 2 months. The pH of samples stored for 0 month were relatively higher than the control pH. At 2-month storage, the pH of the samples was lower than the control, but still meets the standard. Meatball irradiation up to 35 kGy can be used as an alternative for preservation at room temperature.
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