OPN could be considered a marker of vasculopathy and subclinical atherosclerosis in pediatric T1DM.

Asthma is a major public health problem worldwide. There was a sharp increase in the global prevalence of asthma over the last two decades. Few studies evaluated asthma prevalence in Egypt. Determination of the prevalence of bronchial asthma among school children aged 6-12 years old in Fayoum city (distrect) and identification of the risk factors associated with asthma. A questionnaire-based study conducted in the period from Feb to April 2013. We used a modified written International Study of Asthma and Allergies in the (ISAAC) questionnaire (phase I) translated into Arabic language. We added questions dealing with risk factors of asthma. We distributed 2872 questionnaires in this study which was conducted on (10) primary schools included both rural and urban areas. The subjects of the study were selected by multistage random sample technique. Out of the 2872 questionnaires, only 1656 questionnaires were returned only 103 children fitted the diagnosis of asthma. The prevalence of asthma in Fayoum city (district) 6.3%. was noted in females, high socioeconomic states and small family size. The main risk factors were: the first and second birth order, overcrowding at homes, high socioeconomic status, and small family size.Respiratory tract infections, exercise, smoking, house dust mites, diet, animal and allergens were the main precipitating factors for asthmatic attacks. The prevalence of bronchial asthma among primary school children aged 6-12 years old in Fayoum district, conducted in the year 2013, was 6.3% and was equally distributed among rural and urban areas.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an independent predictor of morbidity and mortality for critically ill children at pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICU). It is proposed that heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) may be either a biomarker or a co-factor of survival in PICU. The aim of this work is to assess plasma levels of HSP60 in critically ill pediatric patients with AKI secondary to septic shock within the first 24 h of admission. This study was carried out on 120 pediatric patients admitted to PICUs of four university hospitals. They were divided into Group 1 included 60 patients meeting the criteria of AKI Network and septic shock, the second group included 60 critically ill patients without AKI or septic shock and the third group was 60 healthy children as controls. HSP60 levels were measured in the plasma using a commercially available ELISA and difference between groups were analyzed with a Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA. P <0.05 was considered significant. There was highly significant increase in plasma levels of HSP60 in Group 1 (median 25.85 ng/mL) compared to both Group 2 (median 6.15 ng/mL) and healthy controls (median 4.35 ng/mL) (P <0.001). At a cut-off value ≥10 ng/mL, HSP60 sensitivity for prediction of cases with AKI secondary to septic shock was 96.67% with specificity 86.67%, positive predictive value 87.9%, negative predictive value 96.3%, AUC 0.993. HSP60 levels are significantly elevated in pediatric patients in Group 1 when compared to Groups 2 and 3. Hence, HSP60 may play a role in the pathogenesis of sepsis in pediatric patients.

Background Nephrotic syndrome is the one of the commonest renal disorders in children. Children with nephrotic syndrome (NS) are at a high risk of atherosclerosis due to hyperlipidemia, hypertension. Carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) is a surrogate marker for atherosclerosis. This study aimed to evaluate the carotid intima media thickness in children with nephrotic syndrome and its relation to different risk factors. Methods This is an observational case control study that included forty children with nephrotic syndrome and thirty healthy children as controls. The inclusion criteria were: age of 2 years or more with disease duration of minimum of 1 year and glomerular filtration rate > 90 mL/min/1.73m2. CIMT was assessed by ultrasound. Lipid profile, protein/creatinine ratio in urine and kidney function tests were done. Results The mean CIMT (mm) was significantly higher in patients with NS (0.477 ± 0.04) compared to controls (0.39 ± 0.03) (P < 0.001) even when compared across different age groups. 60% of patients had received non-steroid immunosuppressive therapy. CIMT was significantly higher in patients receiving non-steroid immunosuppressive therapy than those receiving steroids alone. Subsequently, CIMT had significant positive correlation to duration of the disease (p = 0.05), body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.03), number of relapses (p = 0.01) and diastolic blood pressures (p = 0.003). Conclusion Children with NS had significantly higher CIMT than control group. CIMT was positively correlated to disease duration, number of relapses and BMI. It was significantly higher among patients receiving non-steroid immunosuppressive therapy than those receiving steroids alone.

Said (3) ,Fatma Said Abdeltwab Hassan (4). (1) Resident of pediatricsfayoum Health insurance hospital. (2) Professor of pediatrics-Faculity of medicine-Fayoum University. (3) AssProfessor of Pediatrics-Faculity of medicine-Fayoum University. (4) Lecturer of public health and community medicine Faculty of Medicine-Fayoum university.