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Objective:The purpose of this study was to assess the current status and future trends in telepathology (TP) and digital pathology (DP) in central India.Materials and Methods:A self-constructed questionnaire including 12 questions was designed with five specialists, to improve the design ambiguity. The study was conducted through postal and online survey consisting of 12 questions and sent to 300 histopathologists.Results:A total of 247 histopathologists answered the survey. The overall response rate was 81%. 98% pathologists felt the need for TP and DP. 34% pathologists used digital photomicrographic images in routine practice. Utilization of DP in most efficient way was observed by 48% pathologists mainly for the purpose of teaching in academic institutions. 82% believed that TP is helpful to take an expert opinion whereas only26% believed that a second opinion has to be taken. With respect to limitations, 67% pathologists believed that its cost-effective whereas 51% revealed high use of TP in next 5 years.Conclusions:Our survey shows that as the field evolves, pathologists are more towards welcoming TP and DP, provided frequent workshops and training programs are conducted. The results of this survey indicates that pathology staff across central India currently utilize gross digital images for educational or academic purposes. They also revealed that technology will be required in near future applications in academics, consultation and for medico-legal purposes.

According to the World Health Organization, oral malignant melanoma (OMM) is a rare disease, accounting for only 0.8% of all melanomas, 8% of head and neck melanomas, and up to 0.5% of all oral malignancies. OMM presents as a pigmented lesion with asymmetrical borders, irregular surface characteristics, and a distinct color. Melanoma-associated pigmented lesion of the oral cavity does not possess clinical specificity and frequently divert the clinical diagnosis; hence, differential diagnosis becomes mandatory. Furthermore, the unpredictable pathophysiological behavior and delayed detection, contributes for poor prognosis of the disease. As a result, the 5 years survival rate is only 10–25%. Commonly OMM is seen in maxillary gingiva of males. However, we report a rare case of a middle-aged female having pigmentations and growth over mandibular gingiva.

Today cancer is the major health threat; and lot of efforts are being taken by many researchers; to fight against it. Even after these advancements in technologies, still death rate is gradually increasing, and the reason is late detection, delayed treatments and vascular complications, such as venous thromboembolic events (VTE). To overcome this; there is need of accurate and prompt investigation; which will guide during intervention with its effectiveness and feasibility, recently one of such investigations is to assess levels of D-dimer.The review is compiled through the search of electronic media; mainly Google search, Ebscohost and Pub-med etc. During search relevant key words inserted such as, D-dimer, oral cancer, Fibrinogen, Fibrinogen-degradation product (FDP), Head-neck cancer and VTE etc.Blood plays crucial role in many investigations; and very important in cancers. This is proved that, a degradation component of blood called D-dimer, may play important role during interventions of oral & other cancers.

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Introduction. The current trial aimed to assess and compare the efficacy of neem chip and diode laser as a local drug delivery (LDD) agent as a supplement to phase I periodontal therapy in treatment of localized chronic moderate periodontitis. Materials and Methodology. Fourteen systemically healthy participants with 4–6 mm deep periodontal pockets at least in three quadrants (with no alveolar bony defect amenable to respective or regenerative osseous surgery, as seen in orthopantomograph) were selected for the trial. One week after phase I therapy, 10% absorbable chip of neem (commercially prepared by staff of a pharmacy college, Sheriguda, India) was placed in the periodontal pocket on one site, and soft tissue diode laser pocket sterilization was performed on the other site of the arch. Remaining one site was considered as a control. Parameters recorded clinically were plaque index (PI), papillary bleeding index (PBI), probing pocket depth (PPD), and relative attachment level (RAL) measured at baseline, 21st day, and one month postoperatively. Results. Statistically significant improvements were observed in all clinical parameters at one month as compared to baseline for both treatment groups. Conclusion. Neem chip supplemented with phase I therapy showed best improvement in clinical parameters followed by laser supplemented with phase I therapy in comparison to phase I therapy alone at one month follow-up. Clinical Significance. Neem chips are nature’s products, affordable without side effects, with a potential to be used as a local drug delivery agent in treating moderate chronic periodontitis.

Objectives: Oral cancer is major health threat; with 90% mortality and ranks sixth among worldwide cancers. So to overcome this mortality; newer bio-markers are explored and one of such biomarker is D-dimer, which is end product of fibrinogen formed by plasmin. The raised levels of D-dimer play significant role in proliferation and progress of cancer cells. In cancers D-dimer is formed by dual action, where UPA (Urokinase type Plasminogen Activator) and Tissue factor play important role simultaneously. To understand correlation between D- dimer and oral cancers, by immunoturbidimetry; quantitative assay. Material and Methods: After obtaining consents of patients and Institutional ethical clearance, we randomly selected; age and sex matched; 216 samples. Further these samples were subdivides as oral cancer group and control group, consisting 108 samples in each group respectively. Results: Statistical analysis was done; using SPSS version 20, unpaired -T test, and one way ANOVA were applied. Plasma D-dimer levels were; 497.32±872.28μl/ml and 165.30±150.43 28μl/ml, among cancer and control groups respectively, (P≤ 0.0001), which was statistically highly significant. Conclusion: D-dimer is altered during carcinogenesis by activation of UPA and Tissue factors, and this distinguishes form routine levels of D-dimer. This suggests that, cancer cell biology is greatly affected by D-dimer levels during growth and spread of cancers. So raised levels of D-dimer can be considered during interventions of cancers, and incorporated as a biomarker. However for its scientific applications; there is need of further study, with collaborative approach and larger samples, to restrict cancer related mortalities.

Among all bleeding disorders, the idiopathic thrombocytopenia is uncommon disorder. The main aspect is drop in platelet count. The associated symptoms are bruising with minor trauma, ecchymosis, hemorrhagic areas and hematomas, which correlate with count of platelets. There are so many factors which contribute to its development and they are preceded to the signs and symptoms. In this case, there is no such a contributing part which will help to reach the diagnosis, where a 65-year-old woman with average height and built reported in our dental office with intraoral bleeding since past 5 hours. There is no significant history except drug. After managing the oozing of blood, we referred the patient for blood investigations that revealed the idiopathic thrombocytopenia. This can be fatal, if attention is not paid within time.Hence, during clinical examination, each case is special and one should have the basic knowledge of systemic diseases.