<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Various cutaneous manifestations are common in the neonatal period. Transient and pathological neonatal dermatoses should be differentiated to avoid unnecessary treatment and to relieve parent’s stress. The present study is being carried out to study the clinical pattern of cutaneous lesion during the neonatal period, to determine the frequency of various dermatoses i.e. physiological and pathological lesions in neonate along with appropriate management of cases.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 100 neonates from labour rooms and pediatric nursery of Basaveshwara general hospital, Kalaburagi were evaluated for cutaneous manifestations. All the relevant data regarding history, clinical examination and investigations were recorded and analyzed.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Of the 100 neonates, 56 (56%) were males and 44 (44%) were females, 72 (72%) were full term, 23 (23%) were pre-term and 5% were post term. Of these 78% newborns were born to multigravidae mothers, while 24% newborns born of consanguineous marriage had cutaneous lesions. The majority of newborns 54% were born through normal delivery. The largest number of babies with cutaneous lesions (72%) was seen in newborns of mothers in the age group of 20-29 years. The most common dermatoses were physiological scaling (18%) and Mongolian spots (20%) followed by milia (13%), miliaria (14%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The present study helps to understand the type and distribution of cutaneous lesions presenting in the early neonatal period in newborns.<strong> </strong>Majority of skin lesions were transient and did not need any medical treatment. Counselling the parents helped alleviate their significant psychological stress as well as play a role in creating awareness in the community and benefit the people at large.</p>

INTRODUCTIONThe color of normal skin comes from a mixture of pigments, of which the predominant is melanin. Pigmentation of the skin predominantly depends on the amount and type of melanin. The degree of skin vascularity, presence of carotene, and thickness of the stratum corneum are other factors that play a role.¹ A blemishless skin is the desire of all human beings. Psychological impact ofpigmentary imperfection provides the impetus for an understanding of pathology of post inflammatory hypopigmented disorders. They are the commonest presentations in patients attending Dermatology OPD. Hence there is a need to study various clinical presentations & histopathology of such lesions. ABSTRACT Background:The objective of the study was to study the various etiologies and ascertain different clinicalpresentations of post-inflammatory hypopigmented lesions. Age and sex distribution, socio economic status, seasonal incidence, most common to rare variants amongst all conditions and to correlate them histopathologically. Methods: 100 patients presenting with Post-inflammatory hypopigmented lesions were selected and detailed history and examination was done. Lab investigations and histopathology was done in those cases. Results: Among the various causes of post-inflammatory hypopigmentation, commonly observed conditions were Pityriasis versicolor, mechanical injuries, Pityriasis alba, burns, leprosy, allergic contact dermatitis, morphoea, discoid lupus erythematosus, psoriasis and Steven's Johnson syndrome. Most common age group affected was in 21-30 years of age. Males (60%) were more than females (40%). People of lower socioeconomic status (55%) presented with post-inflammatory hypo pigmented lesions commonly. History of hypopigmentation ranged from 0-6 months in majority of cases. Upper limbs, trunk and face and neck regions were the most common sites involved. Commonest etiology amongst all cases was pityriasisversicolor, followed by mechanical injuries, PityriasisAlba and burns. Clinical diagnosis correlated with histopathology in these cases. Conclusions:The study concluded that post-inflammatory hypopigmented lesions presented with various manifestations, more common in young, male adults, common in people of lower socioeconomic group. Upper limbs, trunk and face and neck are the common sites involved and histopathology correlated with clinical diagnosis in many cases.

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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Dermatoses involving genital areas are not always sexually transmitted. The diseases, which are not sexually transmitted, are referred as nonvenereal dermatoses. These disorders are the cause of considerable concern to patients causing mental distress and guilt feeling in them. Nonvenereal dermatoses are quiet often a diagnostic dilemma to the treating physician also. The aim was to determine clinical and epidemiological pattern of nonvenereal dermatoses of male external genitalia.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a descriptive study of 50 consecutive male patients over age of 18 years, with genital lesions of nonvenereal origin, attending the skin outpatient department of BTGH, Kalaburagi. Study was done for a period of 6 months.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The study included 50 male patients with nonvenereal genital lesions. A total of 14 nonvenereal genital dermatoses were noted. The most common nonvenereal genital dermatoses were vitiligo (20%), fixed drug eruptions (16%), scabies (14%), pearly penile papule (10%), and dermatophytoses (10%). Other dermatoses included psoriasis, plasma cell balanitis or Zoon's balanitis, lichen simplex chronicus, lymphangioma circumscriptum, squamous cell carcinoma, scrotal dermatitis, lichen planus, steatocystoma multiplex and candidiasis.</p><strong>Conclusions:</strong>This study helps in understanding the etiological causes of nonvenereal genital dermatoses and their pattern in this region.<p> </p>

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Topical Steroids (TS) are one of the most widely used therapeutic formulations in practice. Treatment was revolutionized with the advent of these anti-inflammatory corticosteroids .They provide rapid symptomatic relief in almost all inflammatory dermatoses , in short term. In India topical steroids are marketed by many pharmaceutical companies and few of these formulations are available at every medical store even without a prescription</span><span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Patients with relevant facial dermatoses (clinical features suggestive of TS abuse) with history of current TS inappropriate use were included. Diagnosis was established on clinical basis and consent was sought. Proper skin examination was performed to detect the condition related to abuse of TS</span>.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Out of 100 patients studied 54 were females and 46 males. Majority were of 15-35 years age group and unmarried. 72% patients belonged to lower and 25% to middle socioeconomic class. Majority of the patients were students (42%) followed by household workers (38%)</span><span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Unnecessary cosmetic use of TCs with or without fairness creams is quite common in facial dermatoses resulting in steroidal dermatitis resembling rosacea. Topical steroid misuse is increasing because of easy availability, Lack of awareness, Obsession for fair skin.</span></p>

Introduction: Acne is one of the most common disorders. Quite often, acne results in scar formation due to the preceding inflammation causing either loss or gain of tissue. Ablative CO2 laser resurfacing and microneedling are proven effective modalities for the treatment of acne scarring. However, one out of two techniques is done exclusively in a patient. In the present study we have compared the sequential usage of CO2 laser + Microneedling Versus Only CO2 laser. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 patients were recruited for the study. 25 patients with moderate-to-severe acne scars underwent one sitting of fractional CO2 laser, followed by Microneedling after 3 weeks to follow the same sequence making total of four sittings over 6 months, while other 25 patients underwent total of four fractional CO2 laser sittings within a gap of 3 weeks each. Outcomes were based on GoodmanÂ’s Qualitative and Quantitative assessment. Results: Acne scarring improved significantly in all the 50 patients. Mean scar scores decreased to 9.05% as compared to 58.52% before treatment, decreasing by a mean of 49.47% in Group A, while in Group B, the mean scar scores decreased to 7.45% as compared to 30.20%, decreasing by a mean of 22.75%. Based on quantitative assessment of after treatment reduction of Acne Scars Comparing Group A and Group B. Very good reduction of acne scars was found in 2 (8%) patients in the Group A whereas in the Group B none of the patients had found the very good reduction. Good reduction of Acne scars was found to be in 12 patients (48%) in the Group A, whereas in the Group B was found in the 3 patients (12%), moderate reduction was found in the 10 patients (40%) in the Group A whereas in the group B had found in the 15patients (60%). It was found to be statistically significant association (P value= 0.001). This infers, maximum good reduction was found to be in association with the Group A than Group B. In the Group A, all the 25 patients presented with erythema, edema, needle impression and all the 25 patients in the Group B presented with the erythema respectively Conclusion: The use of combination therapy of CO2 laser + Microneedling and CO2 laser is more efficacious than CO2 laser alone. This combination present with more or less similar side effects as compared to monotherapy.

Background: Balanoposthitis is a relatively common condition affecting both pediatric patients and adults. In adults, uncircumcised males with diabetes mellitus are at the highest risk, with higher prevalence. Although majority of patients will respond to changes in hygiene and empiric therapy, about one in ten will show recurrence needing further evaluation and more targeted management. Aims And Objectives: To study the clinical features in patients of Balanoposthitis, and to determine the etiological agents by microbiological spectrum and the risk factors associated with it. Materials And Methods: The present hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of 18 months on 75 patients with clinically diagnosed balanoposthitis visiting outpatient and inpatient under the Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Leprosy of Basaveshwar teaching and general hospital attached to Mahadevappa Rampure Medical College, Kalaburagi. A pre-designed semi-structured proforma, which was internally validated was used to collect the necessary information on all the needed variables. Demographic details were recorded and a detailed history of symptoms, history of external application, and history of systemic illness was obtained. The systemic and genital examination was done. Subpreputial discharge was collected on swabs and sent for KOH mount, bacterial and fungal culture. Results: In the present study, the mean age was estimated to be 44.60 ± 10.49 years. Majority were married (90.7%), had completed just high school education (90.7%). On enquiring whether any topical agents were applied in the past, only 10.7% had agreed to it. Subpreputial discharge was found to be the most common clinical feature (72.0%), followed by erythema (54.7%). The involvement of preputial skin was observed in about 44.0% cases. Herpes genitalis was evident in 5.3% cases, while syphilis was present in only 1 individual, and 3 other subjects were positive for HIV infection. The only complication was non-retractable prepuce, which was appreciated in about 9.3% cases. About 74.1% of the subjects showed positive for KOH Mount. However, among them, only 35 individuals were found to be positive on fungal culture. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common bacteria (25.9%), followed by staphylococcus epidermis (22.2%). Diabetes mellitus was regarded as commonly associated risk factor (74.7%). The commonest infectious etiology was observed to be bacterial infection (73.3%), followed by fungal infection (46.7%). The commonest non-infectious etiologies were observed to be adverse drug reaction and irritant contact. Conclusion: Subpreputial discharge was found to be the most common clinical feature followed by erythema, fissures over preputial skin and ulcer. Bacterial and fungal infection were common infectious etiologies while adverse drug reaction and irritant contact were non-infectious etiologies causing Balanoposthitis. Co-morbidities such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension were regarded as the risk factors associated with Balanoposthitis.