The purpose of the present study was to evaluate generic and pediatric parenting stress in an international sample of fathers of children with type 1 diabetes. Two-hundred forty-nine fathers of children ages 2 to 10 years with type 1 diabetes completed the Parenting Stress Index, Pediatric Inventory for Parents, Dads' Active Disease Support Scale (DADS), Self-Care Inventory, and a demographic/disease-related questionnaire online. More frequency of pediatric parenting stress was associated with greater general parenting stress (r = -0.25, P < .001), DADS Involvement (r = 0.18, P < .01). The present findings suggest that paternal involvement in management of the child's T1 can have meaningful implications for disease management outcomes.
Fathers may experience greater parenting stress and anxiety when they are more involved in their child's type 1 diabetes (T1D) care. The present study evaluated whether seeking social support and avoidant coping strategies moderate the relationship between paternal involvement in the child's T1D care and parenting stress in an international sample. Two hundred forty-nine fathers of young children with T1D completed the Parenting Stress Index (PSI), Pediatric Inventory for Parents (PIP), Dads' Active Disease Support scale (DADS), COPE Inventory, Self-Care Inventory (SCI-R), and a demographic questionnaire online. Pearson's product moment correlations were computed, and multiple linear regression analysis was conducted with three separate models in which the PSI Child Domain, PIP Frequency, and PIP Difficulty scores represented different parenting stress outcomes. The interaction between use of denial coping and DADS Involvement was significantly correlated with general parenting stress ( p < .05). There were no significant interactions between instrumental social support and DADS Involvement; however, use of instrumental social support coping was significantly correlated with difficulty of pediatric parenting stress ( p < .05), DADS Involvement ( p < .001), and SCI-R better adherence to the child diabetes treatment regimen ( p < .001). Avoidant coping strategies are associated with more general parenting stress, especially when fathers are more involved in T1D management.
Background
The Pediatric Inventory for Parents (PIP) is a 42‐item measure of paediatric parenting stress that results in 84 responses. Although this measure has been extensively validated, the number of items in the instrument may hinder clinical applicability.
Methods
The current study reports on the development of a short‐form of the PIP using data from 344 fathers of children with type 1 diabetes. Recommendations for short‐form development as well as item response theory (IRT) were used to construct a 13‐item PIP Short‐Form that results in 26 responses.
Results
The retained items were chosen to reflect the content domains of the original form of the PIP and demonstrated acceptable item fit under the partial credit model (PCM; Infit and Outfit indices closest to one and items with thresholds across the span of the latent trait).
Conclusions
The PIP Short‐Form may allow health care professionals to more feasibly assess paediatric parenting stress among parents of children with chronic health conditions. Future studies are needed to validate this new short‐form.
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