We discuss the impact of unmet role expectations of expatriates as one of the situations where support from host country nationals (HCNs) might be more useful for expatriates. Using job demand-resources (JD-R) theory, we argue that HCN support is an important job resource that can reduce the negative influence of unmet role expectations on expatriate adjustment. Because HCNs are distant others within the social network of expatriates, we also suggest that expatriates will be more accepting of HCN support if they believe that such support is coming from credible sources.
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework in order to understand the impact of organizational justice climate on firm performance.Design/methodology/approachThis paper reviews the literature on organizational justice and social capital and theorizes their relationship with firm performance. The underlying argument of this paper is that a climate of organizational justice influences firm performance indirectly through its influence on social capital.FindingsThe paper suggests ways through which different types of justice climate – distributive, procedural, interactional – are related to different dimensions of social capital. This paper also extends the findings of organizational justice research from an individual level to organizational level by proposing an indirect relationship with firm performance.Originality/valueThis paper is unique, as no research to date has proposed a conceptual framework integrating organizational justice climate, social capital and firm performance.
Background The high level of technical skill required by microsurgical procedures has prompted the development of in vitro educational models. Current models are cost-ineffective, unrealistic, or carry ethical implications and are utilized as isolated experiences within single surgical specialties. The purpose of this study was to assess the educational and interprofessional effect of a microsurgical training course utilizing the nonliving “Blue-Blood” chicken thigh model (BBCTM) in a multidisciplinary environment.
Methods A 10-hour course was developed integrating didactic lectures, case presentations, and one-on-one practical sessions utilizing hydrogel microvessels and the BBCTM. Pre- and postcourse surveys were administered assessing participants' self-reported comfort and confidence within fundamental microsurgical domains, assessments of the models utilized, and the effects of a multidisciplinary environment on the experience.
Results A total of 19 residents attended the course on two separate occasions (n = 10 and n = 9, respectively). Respondents varied from postgraduate year-2 (PGY-2) to PGY-6+ and represented plastic and reconstructive surgery (n = 10), urology (n = 6), and otolaryngology (n = 3). On average, each participant performed 4.3 end-to-end, 1.3 end-to-side, and 0.4 coupler-assisted anastomoses. Following the course, participants felt significantly more comfortable operating a microscope and handling microsurgical instruments. They felt significantly more confident handling tissues, manipulating needles, microdissecting, performing end-to-end anastomoses, performing end-to-side anastomoses, using an anastomotic coupler, and declaring anastomoses suitable (all p < 0.05). The majority of participants believed that the use of live animals in the course would have minimally improved their learning. All but two respondents believed the course improved their awareness of the value of microsurgery in other specialties “very much” or “incredibly.”
Conclusion A microsurgical training course utilizing nonliving models such as the “BBCTM significantly improves resident comfort and confidence in core operative domains and offers an in vivo experience without the use of live animals. Multispecialty training experiences in microsurgery are beneficial, desired, and likely underutilized.
Patients' preferences were similar to the ideal in 3 of 5 parameters, and the remaining parameters approached the ideal. These parameters are useful in creating satisfying proportions in aesthetic rhinoplasty and reconstructive surgery within our population. Rather than population-based normative data or ideals based on fashion models or Greek statuary, these are proportions requested by patients. Computer imaging software, used by a growing number of aesthetic surgeons, holds a wealth of data regarding common patient preferences.
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