“…A wealth of conceptual work has been done in this area (e.g. Crocitto & Ashamalla, 2000;Caligiuri & Lazarova, 2002;Wang, 2002;Toh & Denisi, 2003;Toh & DeNisi, 2007;Osman-Gani & Rockstuhl, 2008;Olsen & Martins, 2009;Farh, Bartol, Shapiro & Shin, 2010;Mahajan, 2011;Mahajan & De Silva, 2012;Oltra, Bonache & Brewster, 2013;Ismail, 2015;Bonache, Langinier & Zárraga-Oberty, 2016), and this paper would specifically like to review the empirical studies to show what has been done so far in this area (Tranfield, Denyer & Smart, 2003). As such, this literature review could inform future expatriate research that would like to include a HCN perspective, and thereby include more stakeholders than just the expatriate (Takeuchi, 2010).…”