Remanufacturing is getting attention nowadays due to increasing waste and corresponding emissions. One of the important factors of remanufacturing is the quality of the remanufactured products. The collection and distribution of used products require proper management. Based on this situation, this study discusses a hybrid closed-loop supply chain management in cooperation with a hybrid production system. The vendor comes up with the policy of sharing remanufacturing responsibility by sharing the technology license with other supply chain players. The carbon cap restricts emissions from the entire hybrid production system of the vendor. Other factors of this proposed study are service by the retailer and quality, gift policy, and customer awareness by the vendor. This study examines the scenario under random market demand. Classical optimization provides the solution under the Stackelberg game policy where the vendor acts as leader and the retailer & third party act as followers. This paper considers two scenarios: Scenario A for a continuous distribution and Scenario B for no specific distribution. A comparison is drawn between various motivating factors-based policies to control supply chain management.

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<abstract><p>Remanufacturing industry gives an opportunity to rework defective products from a production system and make them useful again. When an industry remanufactures multiple similar types of products, every type of product goes through the same procedure repetitively. Repetition of the same procedure for similar products causes the overuse of a machine. This study investigates a flexible production system to reduce the overuse of machines for repetitive tasks. A two-stage flexible production system is considered where the common parts of multiple products are produced and remanufactured in the Stage 1. Continuing from Stage 1, the rest product-specific production of each product and remanufacturing processes are completed in Stage 2. Transportation of products uses a multiple delivery policy. This study aims to optimize the cycle time for the production process along with the production rate for Stages 1 and 2. The model is solved by a classical optimization technique and numerical results find the minimum cost of the remanufacturing system. A linear along with non-linear relationship effect of the shared-production process on the production cost are discussed. Results show that the two-stage production system with a shared-production process is cost-efficient and reduce the cycle time.</p></abstract>

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a common vestibular disorder that accounts for one fth of all admissions to hospital due to vertigo although it is commonly undiagnosed.5 The most common form is idiopathic, and BPPV tends to occur at a higher rates in women than in men.6 The main mechanism underlying BPPV is accumulation of otoconia (calcium carbonate structures) in the lumen (canalolithiasis) or in the cupula (cupulolithiasis) of the semicircular canal, resulting in impaired uid dynamics of the semicircular canal. This randomized controlled trial and hospital based study was conducted at calcutta national medical college and hospital ENT OPD on July 2020 to June 2021. Total 75cases were taken in our study. Group A (Epley maneuver only) Group B (Epley maneuver only+ Tab Pentoprazol 40) Group C: Epley maneuver with betahistine (16mg TDS) Our study showed that in A Group, 10 patients had previous vertigo attack. In B Group, 13 patients had previous vertigo attack. In C Group, 11 patients had previous vertigo attack. Rest of the patient in our study presented with vertigo attack for 1st time in their life. Association of previous vertigo attack with group was not statistically signicant (p=0.290). In A Group, the mean visual vertigo analog scale Baseline (mean± s.d.) of patients was 6.98 ± 2.133. In B Group, the mean visual vertigo analog scale Baseline (mean± s.d.) of patients was 6.27 ± 2.148. In C Group, the mean visual vertigo analog scale Baseline (mean± s.d.) of patients was 6.21+/- 2.133. Difference of mean visual vertigo analog scale Baseline with Group was not statistically signicant (p=0.100). We concluded that group-C was better result in comparison with group-B and group-A respectively. So in our study it is found that patients treated with Epley's maneuver and Betahistine got better result than the patients treated with only Epley's maneuver.

Payment and selling are two important policies for a supply chain management. All participating supply chain players can earn profit based on the successful implementation of these two policies. The payment policy provides buyers with some extra time to pay for the product. This research introduces a single-supplier, a single-manufacturer, and multi-retailer-based three-echelon supply chain management under advertising and payment policies. Product delivery among supply chain players is made with the help of a transportation policy. The transportation policy is environment-friendly and helps retailers with their cost management. It is demonstrated that advertising positively influences sales through an advertisement driven market demand for the product. The model aims to reduce supply chain cost and maximize profit by considering a single-setup multiple-delivery policy, variable transportation cost, variable carbon emissions costs, and trade-credit policy. The objective function is optimized for cases: Case 1 and Case 2, based on the payment period. A classical optimization method is employed to obtain the solution of the model. A numerical example, sensitivity analysis, and graphical representations are given to illustrate the model. Results show that Case 2, where cycle time is greater than the payment period, is 45.36% more profitable than Case 1.