The significance of arts incorporated with culture inclusion makes the arts a matter of pressing interest. The arts are vital elements of a healthy society that benefits the nations even in difficult social and economic times. Based on the previous studies this research was conducted for the first time in Pakistan to explore the historical background of public art correlated with cultural and religious ethics. Though, Pakistan has a rich cultural history yet the role of modern public art is new and often used unintentionally. Our findings of different surveys conducted in Pakistan including oldest cities such as Lahore, Peshawar and newly developed, the capital city, Islamabad concluded that Public art has a rich cultural and historical background and the local community are enthusiastically connected to it. Different community groups prefer different types of public art in their surroundings depends on the city’s profile, cultural background, and religious mindset of the local community. Overall, the sculptures and depiction of animated beings are not considering right and debatable among the Pakistani societies. On the other hand, the cultural and historical monuments are highly appreciated and welcomed by the local community of Pakistan. This study may create scope for future estimation and development of public art in Pakistan in association with Islamic laws and cultural norms of the local society.
The current study investigated the therapeutic potential of Citrullus lanatus seeds which are commonly discarded after eating the fruit. In this day and age, plant secondary metabolites are preferred therapeutic agents to manage a variety of diseases and disorders. The present study aimed to investigate the bioactive secondary metabolite profile of Citrullus lanatus seeds by investigating total phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant potential, and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of bioactive compounds and anti-bacterial properties of four different crude extracts. Alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, steroids, tannins, saponins, phytosterols, terpenoids, and glycosides were revealed in the seeds after qualitative phytochemical examination utilizing several solvents of varying polarity and established techniques of analysis. DPPH radical scavenging assay was used to assess the antioxidant potential and the total flavonoid and phenolic contents in seed extracts were determined using the spectrophotometric method. Methanolic extract revealed higher extractive yield, antioxidant potential, a higher total phenolic content (132.68 ± 0.861 mg of GAg), and higher total flavonoid content (48.13 ± 0.451 mg of Qg) as compared to other extracts. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of all four seed extracts revealed the presence of 27 high and low molecular weight chemical entities in toto with varying amounts. These bioactive chemical substances have been revealed to be physiologically significant and essential from a pharmaceutical standpoint. This research demonstrates that the Citrullus lanatus seeds are high in bioactive secondary metabolites that are beneficial to human health, have a high antioxidant capacity, and antibacterial action against certain bacterial strains, indicating that these seeds have a lot of therapeutic value.
A cardinal role is played by the benign immune system in our body in defending different types of infectious diseases as well as continuous surveillance of its elements actively remove malfunctioning cells that could be dangerous to the body if retained as such. The whole immune system is elegantly coordinated through complex pathways via thousands of proteins, chemicals, and other types of bioactive mediators. However, if any type of exaggeration or inappropriateness occurs in the elements of this system, it leads to several fatal disorders. Such disorders range from hypersensitive or allergic reactions to numerous derangements like loss of normal ability to differentiate non-self from self, resulting in immune actions against body own tissues and cells called auto-immune disorders. Various endogenous and exogenous factors termed immunomodulators interact with the elements of the immune system to bring about an amplification or suppression of an immune response and are thus incorporated in achieving a specific therapeutic goal. Currently, in use immunostimulants, immunoadjuvants, and immunosuppressants pose a great threat to normal cellular functions. It is thus the utmost need of the hour that current research should be much focused on the development of novel immunomodulating agents especially incorporating the strategies of nanotechnology. This review is aimed at providing some details on the currently used immunomodulators in modulating the immune responses as well as the need for the development of novel phytochemical-based immunomodulating agents. This review is a humble attempt to encourage the researchers to perform their research in this field.
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