Post‐synthetic modification (PSM) of metal–organic framework (MOF) compounds is a useful technique for preparing new MOFs that can exhibit or enhance many of the properties of the parent MOFs. PSM can be carried out by a number of approaches such as modifying the linker (ligand) and/or metal node, and adsorption/exchange of guest species. The surface environment of the MOF can be modified to increase structural stability as well as introducing desired properties. There is considerable scope in widening the applications of the MOF with compatible metal or ligand employing the PSM. This review focuses on the recent developments of modified materials through PSM, which augers well for the chemical modification and functionalization of MOFs. In this review, different types of PSM methods are presented in an orderly manner, and the diverse applications of resultant frameworks are described and discussed.

Two water-stable zirconium-based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) (NU-1000 and UiO-67) have been synthesized in various size scales (100–2000 nm) for the adsorptive removal of glyphosate from the aqueous media. Both NU-1000 and UiO-67 possess a three-dimensional structure; NU-1000 consists of triangular micropores and wide mesoporous channels (31 Å), whereas UiO-67 has cage-like pores [octahedral (16 Å) and tetrahedral (14 Å) cages]. NU-1000 comprises Zr 6 (μ 3 -O) 4 (μ 3 -OH) 4 (H 2 O) 4 (OH) 4 , and UiO-67 contains Zr 6 O 4 (OH) 4 as secondary building units. These units act as Lewis acid nodes and can interact with the Lewis base phosphate group of the glyphosate. The time taken for reaching equilibrium is found to be reduced considerably as the size of the MOF decreases. The smaller the particle size, the lesser is the diffusion barrier for the analyte, which enhances the interaction between Lewis acidic metal nodes and the Lewis basic center of the glyphosate molecule. NU-1000 was found to be better compared to UiO-67, both in terms of efficiency and reusability. This might be due to the larger pore diameters of the NU-1000. Theoretical calculations revealed that the interaction energy of glyphosate with the nodes of NU-1000 is higher (−37.63 KJ mol –1 ) compared to UiO-67 (−17.37 KJ mol –1 ), which might be the possible reason for the higher efficiency of NU-1000.

Here we describe, a simple solution and solid-state sensor for the ultrasensitive detection of Hg­(II) ions in both standardized and environmental samples through changes of fluorescence intensity of a zinc-based metal–organic framework (MOF). The MOF is highly water stable in a wide pH range from 4 to 11. The lower detection limit of Hg2+ is 10–11 M with a very high binding constant of 1.011 × 109 M–1 s–1. It also exhibits a high selectivity toward mercury ion in the presence of other interfering metal ions. The MOF is found to retain its efficiency in detecting mercury ion in spiked environmental water samples.

Engineering defective UiO-66 with functionalized modulator may create functionality with promising physical and chemical properties. Herein, we use 2-mercaptobenzoic acid (2-MBA) as a modulator for the functionalization of defective UiO-66...

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