The relationship between fracture‐induced mechanophore activation and the strain and stress ahead of a propagating crack in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is studied. The mechanophore spiropyran is used as a secondary cross‐linker in rubber toughened PMMA, and the spiropyran‐linked material is subjected to fracture testing. Mechanophore activation is detected and analysed by fluorescence imaging. Digital image correlation is used to measure the strain field ahead of the crack tip, whereas the corresponding stress field is calculated using the Hutchinson–Rice–Rosengren singularity field equations. Mechanophore activation follows a power law dependence on distance from the crack tip and provides both a qualitative and quantitative measure of the strain and stress fields ahead of the crack.
Self-healing in orthopedic bone cement is demonstrated with a novel thermoplastic solvent-bonding approach. Low toxicity solvent-filled microcapsules, embedded in a commercial acrylic bone cement matrix, enable recovery of up to 80% of the virgin fracture toughness of the cement at room and body temperature conditions without external stimuli or human intervention.
Polymer-based components manufactured
by stereolithography-based
(SLA) three-dimensional (3D) printing tend to show relatively poor
mechanical strength compared to polymer-based components fabricated
by conventional methods such as compression molding. Some of this
difference is related to the thermoset nature of typical SLA 3D-printed
materials, where high cross-linking density and brittle material behavior
can result in catastrophic material failure, limiting the life span
of SLA 3D-printed composite materials. Previous studies have investigated
potential techniques for improving the mechanical strength of SLA
3D-printed polymer components, such as the addition of various strengthening
fillers; however, a few studies have investigated the incorporation
of self-healing materials for SLA 3D printing to extend material lifetimes.
In this study, we investigate the use of a microcapsule catalyst self-healing
system in conjunction with commercially available photocurable resin
toward increasing SLA 3D-printed specimen lifetime and material sustainability.
Microcapsules filled with healing fluids are synthesized using in
situ interfacial polymerization and dispersed in commercial resin
prior to SLA 3D printing of self-healing composite specimens. The
ability of these microcapsules to survive the SLA 3D printing process
intact is demonstrated, and X-ray nano-computed tomography (X-ray
Nano-CT) imaging shows microcapsules to be distributed throughout
printed specimens. The self-healing behavior of these SLA 3D-printed
composite materials is evaluated via quantification of mechanical
properties, and healing efficiency. Overall, this is a facile and
promising approach for the incorporation of self-healing behavior
into SLA 3D printing resins.
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