This study was aimed to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles from the aqueous peel extract of Aloe vera and assess their antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria and fungi. The nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). UV-Vis spectroscopic analysis confirmed the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) depicted functional groups associated with the formation of zinc oxide nanoparticles, whereas XRD showed their crystalline nature. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that nanoparticles were rough in appearance with agglomeration. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the size of nanoparticles from 50 to 220 nm with hexagonal shape. The antimicrobial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles was assessed against pathogenic bacteria, Staphylococcus epidermidis (MTCC-3382), S. epidermidis (MTCC-3382), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MTCC-3384), Escherichia coli (MTCC-41) and fungi, Aspergillus niger (MTCC-404) and Aspergillus oryzae (MTCC-3107). The results showed the effectiveness of zinc oxide nanoparticles against E. coli (MTCC-41) and A. niger (MTCC-404). However, in combination with antibiotic, there was a decrease in the antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi as compared to antibiotics. Hence, a molecular research is needed to check the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on antibiotics.
Aims: To investigate the effect of storage treatments, gibberellic acid (GA3) and duration of soaking on seed germination and seedling growth in Kagzi lime. Study Design: The experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with factorial concept and three repetitions. Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted during July to November 2017 at Department of Fruit Science, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, India. Methodology: The experiment consisted of sixteen treatments which were repeated thrice. It comprised of three factors and their respective levels. Factor S1 indicated freshly extracted kagzi lime seeds and S2 comprised of seeds stored for 15 days. The different concentrations of gibberellic acid were G1 - 200 ppm; G2 - 300 ppm; G3 - 400 ppm and G4 - 500 ppm. Whereas, duration D1 stood for 12 hours and D2 for 24 hours. Results: The interaction between storage treatments, pre-sowing treatments and duration of soaking was found significant for all parameters included in the study except collar diameter and sturdiness quotient. Soaking freshly extracted Kagzi lime seeds in an aqueous solution of 500 ppm GA3 for 12 hours resulted in the minimum days for 50% germination (27.89), Seedling Vigour Index (3654.83) and survival percentage (84.70). The same treatment when extended for 24 hours recorded the highest germination percentage (95.68) and number of leaves (28.76). Soaking freshly extracted seeds in 400 ppm GA3 solution for 12 hours registered the maximum shoot length (21.63 cm). Kagzi lime seedlings raised from freshly extracted seeds resulted in higher collar diameter (2.04 mm) and sturdiness quotient (8.70). Further, a soaking duration of 12 hours proved better over 24 hours for collar diameter (2.04 mm) and sturdiness quotient (8.69). Between the different concentrations of GA3, 400 ppm gave better results for collar diameter (2.09 mm) and 200 ppm for sturdiness quotient (8.65). Conclusion: Soaking freshly extracted kagzi lime seeds in an aqueous solution of 500 ppm GA3 for 12 hrs proved to be the best treatment combination for inducing early germination, higher Seedling Vigour Index and survival percentage. Nurserymen can employ these findings for early germination and vigorous seedlings in Kagzi lime.
to study the effect of silicon and seaweed extract on physical and sensory quality of papaya cv. Red Lady during the year 2016-17 and 2017-18. Papaya plants were sprayed with different concentrations of silicon (potassium silicate and ortho silicic acid at 0.2 and 0.4 %) and seaweed extract (2 and 4 %) either alone or in combinations at 3, 4, 5 and 6 months after planting. Application of potassium silicate @ 0.4% + seaweed extract @ 4% proved most effective in reducing physiological loss in weight and increasing shelf life with improved fruit firmness in papaya cv. Red Lady. Sensory parameters i.e. color, texture, flavor, taste, general appearance and overall acceptability were significantly better under foliar application of ortho silicic acid @ 0.2% + seaweed extract @ 2%.
An experiment was conducted to study the effect of gibberellic acid on seedling growth in Kagzi lime at Regional Horticultural Research Station, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari during the year 2016-17. The experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design with factorial concept with sixteen treatments and three repetitions. Freshly extracted kagzi lime seeds (S1) and those stored for 15 days (S2) were soaked for 12 hours (D1) and 24 hours (D2) in aqueous solution of gibberellic acid at different concentrations i.e. 200 ppm (G1), 300 ppm (G2), 400 ppm (G3) and 500 ppm (G4). Freshly extracted kagzi lime seeds had significantly higher leaf area, total chlorophyll content, tap root length, tap root diameter, shoot dry weight and total dry weight. For all above mentioned characters, a soaking duration of 12 hours proved significantly better over 24 hours. GA3 at 500 ppm recorded significantly the highest leaf area, total chlorophyll content and tap root diameter. Further, for tap root length, shoot dry weight and total dry weight, significantly highest values were recorded under 400 ppm GA3 treatment. Shoot root dry weight ratio was significantly lower in case of freshly extracted seeds, GA3 at 200 ppm and a soaking duration of 12 hours when taken as separate factors. The interaction effect between storage treatments, different concentrations of GA3 and soaking duration was found non-significant for all parameters chosen in this study.
Papaya is a very popular fruit in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world and has witnessed an increase in demand. This has fuelled an interest to develop region specific hybrids with desirable vegetative growth and vigour. Hence a field experiment was carried out at College of horticulture and forestry, Navsari Agricultural University in Gujarat during 2018-2020 in randomized block design with three replications to know the mean performance of parents and hybrids for comparative growth performances of papaya. Wherein, thirty papaya hybrids were developed from six morphologically distinct parents through full diallel crossing technique and all the parents and hybrids were evaluated for their germination and growth parameters. The variability was distinct in all hybrids and parents for germination percentage, days taken to germination, periodical plant height and girth, number of leaves, petiole length and internodal distance. Amongst all the parents, Pusa Delicious, CO-8 and Lucknow Local exhibited improved germination, better vegetative growth and dwarf stature, respectively. Among the hybrids, Pusa Delicious x Lucknow Local was found to have dwarf stature with minimum internodal length however, the reciprocal cross: Lucknow Local x Pusa Delicious recorded maximum plant girth and number of leaves. Based on their mean performance, these parents can be used for further breeding programmes and hybrids could be exploited for cultivation.
An investigation was conducted during 2013-14 and 2014-15 seasons under South Gujarat conditions to study the impact of de-blossoming in six mango varieties during regular flowering season on off season fruiting characters. The investigation consisted of four de-blossoming treatments i.e. foliar sprays of Naphthalene Acetic Acid at 400 and 800 ppm, hand de-blossoming and untreated trees which were imposed on six mango varieties i.e. Amrapali, Baramasi, Neelphanso, Neelum, Ratna and Totapuri. The trial was evaluated in a Randomized Block Design with factorial concept. De-blossoming was done at full bloom stage for induction of off season flowering. Results indicated that in regular season cultivar ‘Totapuri’ recorded significantly higher fruit weight, fruit length, fruit width and fruit volume during 2013-14 and 2014-15. With regard to off-season fruiting, significantly maximum value of the above traits was observed in ‘Ratna’ cultivar. Fruit weight, volume, length and width were lowest in cv. ‘Neelphanso’ in regular as well as in off-season. Hand de-blossoming was found superior over control for fruit weight and fruit volume in all the varieties selected for this study in the coastal climate of South Gujarat.
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