The few parameters that were found to be statistically significant between the groups did not affect the overall outcome. In the current series, the final clinical and neurological results were similarly satisfactory in both the OD and the MED groups.

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Objective: To determine the prevalence, characteristics and impact of headache among university students. Method: The criteria established by the International Headache Society were used to define the primary headache subtypes and the Migraine Disability Assessment Questionnaire (MIDAS), to assess the disability. The students were then grouped into six categories: [1] .5% had at least one headache episode in the last three months. Regarding disability, there was a significant difference between the headache types (p<0.0001). In the post-hoc analysis, migraine was the headache type with most reported disability. Conclusion: Headache is a highly prevalent condition among the students at the University of Caxias do Sul. This disease may have a major impact on the students' lives and in some cases, ultimately lead to educational failure. Key words: disability, headache, prevalence, young population.

The C6 glioma model can be easily modified to study aspects of interstitial delivery via ICC and the application of ICC to the screening of potential antitumor agents for safety and efficacy.

Alguns dos indivíduos submetidos à cirurgia de coluna vertebral terão desfechos pós-operatório desfavoráveis, independente do êxito técnico. Esse insucesso gera aumento da morbidade e dos custos socioeconômicos. Sabe-se que fatores psicossociais interferem na impressão do sujeito. Com o propósito de identificá-los, tem-se estimulado a busca de preditores prognósticos por meio de instrumentos de triagem. Porém, a eleição do mais adequado pode ser difícil, já que existe um grande número de questionários. Entre os aspectos abordados por eles, podemos citar: incapacidade funcional, qualidade de vida, satisfação, dor, depressão, distúrbios do humor e atividade funcional. O trabalho objetiva revisar as particularidades, indicações e limitações dos instrumentos de avaliação do paciente com doença na coluna vertebral.

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Depression and anxiety are mood disorders that are commonly related to chronic illnesses. The overall frequency in hospitalized patients has an index of variation between 20 and 60% 1-3 , and they are not recognized in one third of patients 4 . Their frequency can be higher in patients without mood disorders presenting symptoms caused by physical illness or preoperative anxiety, which range from 11 to 80% in adults 5 . This variation is related to the sociodemographic characteristics of the population studied, type of disease, degree of involvement, chronicity, and variability of the methodological definitions used in the studies, such as the cutoff point, the search tools, and the case definition. The literature offers different scales for the assessment of anxiety and depression, such as Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Hospital Palavras-Chave: cirurgia da coluna, depressão,

-Objective: To evaluate the knowledge about stroke in Caxias do Sul. Method: A closed-ended, self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge about stroke among residents of Caxias do Sul. In order to verify variables associated to lack of knowledge we defined three main end points: (1) the inability to recognize that stroke is a disease that affects the brain; (2) insufficient knowledge of risk factors; (3) insufficient knowledge of signs and symptoms of acute stroke. Results: A total of 952 subjects answered the questionnaire. Lower income and lower educational level were independent factors associated to inability to recognize that stroke affects the brain. Lower income and being under 50 years old were independent risk factors to lack of knowledge concerning stroke risk factors. Lower educational level was the unique risk factor for insufficient knowledge about stroke warning signs. Conclusion: There is a lack of knowledge about stroke in Caxias do Sul. People with lower socioeconomic status and lower education level should be the targets of educational campaigns.KEY WORDS: stroke, knowledge, risk factors, warning signs, general population. Avaliação de fatores de risco de doença cerebrovascular no sul do BrasilResumo -Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento sobre doença cerebrovascular em Caxias do Sul. Método: Um questionário auto-administrado, com questões objetivas, foi utilizado para avaliar o conhecimento sobre doença cerebrovascuar em residentes de Caxias do Sul. A fim de verificar as variáveis associadas à falta de conhecimento, definiram-se três principais desfechos: (1) incapacidade de reconhechecer que o derrame é uma doença que afeta o cérebro; (2) conchecimento insuficiente sobre fatores de risco; (3) conhecimeto insuficiente sobre sinais e sintomas de acidente vascular encefálico. Resultados: Um total de 952 sujeitos responderam o questionário. Menor renda e menor nível socioeconômico foram fatores independentes associados à incapacidade de reconhecer que derrame afeta o cérebro. Menor renda e ter menos que 50 anos de idade foram fatores independentes associados à conchecimento insuficiente sobre fatores de risco para doença cerebrovasculas. Menor nível educacional foi o único fator de risco independente associado à conhecimento insuficiente sobre sinais de alerta do acidente vascular encefálico. Conclusão: Há uma lacuna de conhecimento sobre doença cerebrovascular em Caxias do Sul. Pessoas com menor nível socioeconômico e menor nível educaional deveriam ser o alvo para campanhas educacionais. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: acidente vascular encefálico, conhecimento, fatores de risco, sinais de alerta, população geral. Stroke is a major public health problem and the leading cause of mortality in Brazil 1,2 . Nevertheless, it is still a neglected disease in this country, where a great number of patients does not get the specific treatment because of the delay in the diagnosis and the absence of the recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) in the public hospitals network 2-4 . The awar...