Recently dermoscopic patterns, that can be useful in the diagnosis of distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis, were identified. In this study, we aimed to determine the frequency of the defined patterns so far and additionally to identify other patterns that were observed and to investigate the place of these patterns in the diagnosis of Distal Lateral Subungual Onychomycosis (DLSO) in the dermoscopic examination of the patients with pre-diagnosis of DLSO. Patients admitted dermatology outpatient clinic of Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital with the complaint of nail disturbance suspicious for DLSO (97 patients) between the August 2015 and February 2016. Clinical and dermoscopic photographs of the cases with a pre-diagnosis of DLSO were taken and their nails were cut for pathological examination and culture. In hematoxylin and eosin, and periodic acid schiff examination, hyphe and/or spore were observed in 134 (65.4%) and fungal growth was detected in 99 (48.3%) of the nail samples. As a result of logistic regression model analysis, the p values of the 'ruin appearance', 'homogeneous leukonychia', 'punctate leukonychia', and 'black discoloration' patterns preserved their statistical significance (p = 0.015, p = 0.009, p = 0.026, p = 0.040, respectively). We believe that in nail disorders clinically resembling DLSO patients, the presence of dermoscopic patterns of ruin appearance, homogenous leuconychia, punctate leuconychia, and black discoloration strongly supports the clinical diagnosis of DLSO.

Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) in COVID-19 patients is associated with poor prognosis. However, the incidence, risk factors and potential outcomes of AKI in hospitalized patients are not well studied. Materials and methods This is a retrospective cohort study conducted in two major university hospitals. Electronic health records of the patients, 18 years or older, hospitalized between 13 April and 1 June 2020 with confirmed COVID-19 were reviewed. We described the incidence and the risk factors for AKI development in COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of AKI on the length of hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) stay, the admission rates to ICU, the percentage of patients with cytokine storm and in-hospital mortality rate. Results Among 770 hospitalized patients included in this study, 92 (11.9%) patients developed AKI. The length of hospitalized days (16 vs 9.9, p < 0.001) and days spent in the hospital until ICU admission (3.5 vs. 2.5, p = 0.003) were higher in the AKI group compared to patients without AKI. In addition, ICU admission rates were also significantly higher in patients with AKI (63% vs. 20.7%, p < 0.001). The percentage of patients with AKI who developed cytokine storm was significantly higher than patients without AKI (25.9% vs. 14%, p = 0.009). Furthermore, the in-hospital mortality rate was significantly higher in patients with AKI (47.2% vs. 4.7%, p < 0.001). Conclusions AKI is common in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, we show that AKI increases the admission rates to ICU and in-hospital mortality. Our findings suggest that AKI should be effectively managed to prevent the adverse outcomes in COVID-19 patients.

Çağlayan performed the patient recruitment and clinical follow-up. All collaborators contributed to the clinical management of the COVID-19 patients. Y. Peker, Y. Celik and A. Baygül performed the statistical analysis. Y. Peker prepared the manuscript, and drafted the article. All authors interpreted the data. Y. Peker takes full responsibility for the work as a whole, including the study design, access to data, and the decision to submit and publish the manuscript. All authors approved this manuscript in its final form. Data Sharing: Data collected for the study, including de-identified individual participant data will be made available to others within 6 months after the publication of this article, as will additional related documents (study protocol, statistical analysis plan, and informed consent form), for academic purposes (e.g., meta-analyses), upon request to the corresponding author

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We evaluated the relationship between erectile dysfunction (ED) and IL‐6 levels in males with COVID‐19. The study included 80 male patients aged 30–45 years who were hospitalised due to COVID‐19. The International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF‐5) questionnaire was used to assess erectile function. The IIEF‐5 questionnaire was re‐administered at a 3‐month control visit after discharge, and the change score from baseline was recorded. The patients were divided into three groups according to the IIEF‐5 score at 3 months as Group 1 (severe ED), Group 2 (moderate ED) and Group 3 (no ED), and into two groups according to IL‐6 level at the time of admission as Group A (IL‐6 ≤ 50 ng/ml) and Group B (IL‐6 > 50 ng/ml). The change in the IIEF‐5 score (p < .001) was significantly greater in Group B than in Group A. There was also significant difference in IL‐6 between Group 1 and Group 2 (p = .008). The correlation analysis revealed a moderate correlation between IL‐6 level and the change in IIEF‐5 score and D‐dimer level (r:0.529, p < .001) and a weak correlation between IL‐6 level and FSH (r:0.309, p = .005). The present study suggests that elevated IL‐6 levels in male patients hospitalised due to COVID‐19 might be related to the risk of developing ED.