Among different heterocyclic compounds, isoxazole and their analogues are very important classes of heterocyclic compounds as they display an extensive range of biological actions. This makes such scaffolds very important structures in the field of medicinal chemistry. From an extensive literature assessment, isoxazole is clinically proven to be very effective as an anti‐bacterial, anti‐fungal, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐cancer, anti‐tubercular, and anti‐neoplastic agent. The different derivatives of isoxazole which exhibits adjustment in their structure have shown a high degree of variety in their medicinal properties which makes evident them as very beneficial in the progress of novel bioactive drugs which show enhanced effectiveness along with minor harmfulness. Structural aspects of isoxazole having aromaticity with weaker nitrogen‐oxygen bonding provide a potential site for the ring cleavage. Thus, this isoxazole ring system allows easier modifications of substituents in their ring structure which consequently make isoxazole very useful intermediates in various synthetic routes of bioactive compounds. Hence, the synthesis and evaluation of isoxazole‐containing molecules with wider therapeutic consequences are always the topic of interest for chemists. Hence, in light of this comprehensive research on isoxazole, it is thought worthwhile to review various pathways for the synthesis of isoxazole analogues and having a broad spectrum of bioactive actions.

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One‐pot synthesis of 1‐([6‐bromo‐2‐hydroxy‐naphthalen‐1‐yl]‐aryl‐phenyl)methyl)‐3‐chloro‐4‐(aryl‐phenyl)azetidin‐2‐ones has been reported in the present research work via Staudinger [2 + 2] ketene‐imine cycloaddition reaction pathway. The reaction of 1‐((Benzylideneamino)(aryl)methyl)‐6‐bromo‐naphthalen‐2‐ols with chloroacetic acid and triethylamine afforded 1‐([6‐bromo‐2‐hydroxynaphthalen‐1‐yl]aryl‐phenyl)methyl)‐3‐chloro‐4‐(aryl‐phenyl)azetidin‐2‐ones. For the structural elucidation of series of compounds, different analytical and spectroscopic techniques such as elemental analysis, IR spectra, 1H‐NMR spectra and mass spectra were used. All the newly synthesized compounds were tested for their anti‐bacterial activity studies. It revealed that some of the compounds possesses moderate to good activities as compared to standard drugs. The widest spectrum of anti‐bacterial activities against both gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacterial strains among the examined compounds possessed having more hydroxyl group along with β‐lactam ring compared to other substituted azetidinones.

Research and development initiatives under National Agriculture Innovation Project implemented in representative villages of Gondia district in Maharashtra are reported in this study. Details of 524 households pertaining to demographic characteristics, land use, means of livelihood etc. were collected through survey. Participatory methods were used for identifying potential technological interventions for bringing positive changes in agricultural productivity and sustainability. The study indicated that irrespective of the size of land holding, the tribal farmers derived less than 50% of their income from agriculture and depended on migration for earning wages or collection of non-timber forest produce. The consumption pattern revealed that almost 80% of the income was spent on meeting food requirement of family followed by expenses on clothes. The results showed considerable potential for enhancing their livelihood by introducing best management practices for the lone possible kharif paddy and augmenting the income with pisciculture which surpassed agriculture in terms of economic benefits. Eco-friendly technology like biogas was demonstrated to protect forest resources and reduce drudgery of cooking. The concept of social security fund was implemented in the tribal villages to meet expenses related to upkeep of machinery provided and also micro-credit requirements. The study area represents contiguous belt home to most of the tribal population living in central India and hence the findings provide an understanding of the reasons for backwardness of the large pocket and will help in formulating policies for sustainable development of the region.