The present work demonstrated a novel Cleome simplicifolia -mediated green fabrication of nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) to explore in vitro toxicity in Bm-17 and Labeo rohita liver cells. As-fabricated bioinspired NiO NPs were characterized by several analytical techniques. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed a crystalline face-centered-cubic structure. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed NiO formation. The chemical composition was confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) revealed the mesoporous nature. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the formation of 97 nm diameter nanospheres formed due to the congregation of 10 nm size particles. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed the nearly isotropic behavior of NiO NPs. Further, a molecular docking study was performed to explore their toxicity by binding with genetic molecules, and it was found that the docking energy was about −9.65284 kcal/mol. On evaluating the in vitro toxicity of NiO NPs for Bm-17 cells, the study showed that when cells were treated with a high concentration of NPs, cells were affected severely by toxicity, while at a lower concentration, cells were affected slightly. Further, on using 50 μg/mL, quick deaths of cells were observed due to the formation of more vacuoles in the cells. The DNA degradation study revealed that NiO NPs are significantly responsible for DNA degradation. For further confirmation, trypan blue assay was observed for cell viability, and morphological assessment was performed using inverted tissue culture microscopy. Further, the cytotoxicity of NiO NPs in L. rohita liver cells was studied. No toxicity was observed at 1 mg/L of NiO NPs; however, when the concentration was 30 and 90 mg/L, dark and shrank hepatic parenchyma was observed. Hence, the main cause of cell lysis is the increased vacuolization in the cells. Thus, the present study suggests that the cytotoxicity induced by NiO NPs could be used in anticancer drugs.

Bioinspired delta-bismuth oxide nanoparticles (δ-Bi 2 O 3 NPs) have been synthesized using a greener reducing agent and surfactant via co-precipitation method. The originality of this work is the use of Crinum viviparum flower extract for the first time for the fabrication of NPs, which were further calcined at 800 °C to obtain δ-Bi 2 O 3 NPs. Physicochemical studies such as FTIR spectroscopy and XPS confirmed the formation of Bi 2 O 3 NPs, whereas XRD and Raman verified the formation of the cubic delta (δ) phase of Bi 2 O 3 NPs. However, HRTEM revealed the spherical shape with diameter 10–20 nm, while BET studies expose mesoporous nature with a surface area of 71 m 2 /gm. The band gap for δ-Bi 2 O 3 NPs was estimated to be 3.45 eV, which ensured δ-Bi 2 O 3 to be a promising photocatalyst under visible-light irradiation. Therefore, based on the results of physicochemical studies, the bioinspired δ-Bi 2 O 3 NPs were explored as active photocatalysts for the degradation of toxic dyes, viz ., Thymol blue (TB) and Congo red (CR) under visible-light irradiation. The study showed 98.26% degradation of TB in 40 min and 69.67% degradation of CR in 80 min by δ-Bi 2 O 3 NPs. The photogenerated holes and electrons were found responsible for this enhancement. Furthermore, molecular docking investigations were also performed for δ-Bi 2 O 3 NPs to understand its biological function as New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 1 (NDM-1) [PDB ID 5XP9 ] enzyme inhibitor, and studies revealed good interaction with various amino acid residues and found good hydrogen bonding with a fine pose energy of −3.851 kcal/mole.

Densities and viscosities of aqueous solutions and 1.0 mol 3 kg À1 aqueous urea solutions of glucose, fructose, sucrose, and lactose have been measured at two different temperatures [(308.15 and 318.15) K] in the concentration range (0 to 3) mol 3 kg À1 . The different derived parameters such as the apparent molal volume of solute (ϕ V ) and JonesÀDole equation viscosity B-and D-coefficients have been obtained for these binary and ternary mixtures. Partial molal volumes (V 2 0 ) at infinite dilution were obtained by smooth extrapolation of the ϕ V Àm curves to zero concentration. These data were used to obtain the corresponding volume of transfer (Δ trans V 2 0 ) for saccharides from pure water to 1.0 mol 3 kg À1 aqueous urea solutions at two different temperatures. The results are interpreted in terms of various interactions among solute and solvent molecules.

The molecular structures and in vitro biological applications of two cationic copper(ii) complexes are reported.

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In the present study we have reported fabrication and structural determination of 3D microspheres/custard‐apples shaped mesoporous CuII chelate polymer (CP) from a 1D chelating ligand for enhanced an antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The CP was fabricated from a novel chelating ligand suberoyl bis(2‐ethoxybenzamide) (sbebz) with copper salt by condensation, while sbebz was synthesized from 2‐ethoxybenzamide and suberoyl chloride, and was structurally authenticated by 1HNMR, 13CNMR, FT‐IR, Mass spectroscopy, XRD, and SEM. As‐fabricated CP was characterized by XRD, FT‐IR, EDS, UV‐DRS, XPS, Raman, SEM, TEM, AFM, BET, and TG for authentication of its structure, shape, size, chemical state, composition, purity, surface behavior, porosity, and thermal stability. SEM revealed nearly monodispersity in microspheres, while TEM rendered average particles sizes of 10–47 nm. AFM supported nearly homogenized nature of microspheres, while BET rendered a mesoporosity. Further, antioxidant property of CP was examined by using α, α‐diphenyl‐β‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) in ethanolic/methanolic solvents, while ascorbic acid was used as a standard medium. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of both materials was tested against human pathogenic bacteria viz. gram +Ve (Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus substilis), and gram –Ve (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae). Moreover, molecular docking of sbebz was performed using both genetic (GA) and non‐genetic (Non‐GA) algorithm techniques, where result demonstrated an excellent docking energy.

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