Background: Anterior communicating artery, a short trunk connecting the anterior cerebral arteries is important in stabilizing blood flow by acting as collateral channel. The present study was conducted to note the variations in anterior communicating artery which may be one of the reason for formation of aneurysm.Materials and Methods: Anterior communicating artery was observed for its number, course, length and variations in 50 adult embalmed cadaveric brains after injecting with latex solution.Results: Duplication of anterior communicating artery was found in 4 specimens (8%) and it was absent in 2%. The course of ACoA was oblique in 54.2% and transverse in 45.8%. The length of ACoA was on an average of 2.82mm. The mean diameter of ACoA was 1.12mm. Fenestration of ACoA was seen in 4%.Median artery of corpus callosum was found in 1 specimen. Conclusion:Congenital anomalies of the intracranial arteries predispose to the formation of aneurysms due to an increased haemodynamic stress. Knowing the length, course and diameter of ACoA is important as it may guide radiologists in interpretation and neurosurgeons in microsurgical procedures.
Introduction: Meckel-Gruber Syndrome was first described by J R Meckel in 1822. It is an autosomal recessive disorder, and is caused by the failure of mesodermal induction. The typical triad of Meckel-Gruber Syndrome (MGS) involves meningo-encephalocele, polycystic kidneys and postaxial polydactyly. The worldwide incidence varies from 1 in 1.300 to 1 in 140.000 live births. Case: In this report, we present a case of MGS in which the diagnosis was made at 19 weeks of gestation based on ultrasonographic findings of the typical triad of the disease (encephalocele, polycystic kidneys, and polydactyly) These features were suggestive of the diagnosis of Meckel Gruber Syndrome (MGS). She had also placenta previa totalis. The patient was counselled regarding the lethal outcome of MGS. Unfortunately, the family did not approve the termination of pregnancy. At the 32nd week, she referred to hospital with complaints of vaginal bleeding and uterine contractions. An emergency cesarean section was perfomed due to plasental malposition. A 1380 gr, female fetus was delivered. First and 5th minute Apgar scores were 1 and 0, respectively. Consequently, the baby died after 45 minutes of neonatal resuscitation. Conclusıon: MGS is a lethal disorder. One cannot speak about survival of the fetus because of the pulmonary hypoplasia. The parents should be counseled about prognosis of the fetus and the outcome. Counselers should strictly give information about the recurrence risk for the next pregnancies.
Introduction: Anterior cerebral artery (ACA), the smaller terminal branch of the internal carotid artery is significant clinically due to its wide variety of complexity and technical difficulty in surgical procedures.Methods and materials: This study was done in 50 embalmed adult brain hemispheres at Institute of Anatomy, Madras Medical College, Tamilnadu. The study of the anterior cerebral artery was undertaken to observe the mode of origin, its course and branches.Results: Anterior cerebral artery originated from the internal carotid artery in 100% of specimens. ACA passed above optic nerve in 32 specimens (64%), above optic chiasma in 16 specimens (32%) and above optic tract in 2 specimens (4%). The average length of A1 segment of right ACA and left ACA were 14.3 mm and 13.7 mm respectively. The difference in diameter of 1mm or more on both sides was observed in 8%. Left A1 segment was duplicated in 1 specimen (2%). Median artery of corpus callosum and Azygous anterior cerebral artery were found in one specimen each. Fenestration of A2 segment was observed in one specimen (4%). Heubner's artery arose from A2 segment in 32 (64%) specimens, from A1 segment in 6 (12%) specimens and from the level of ACoA in 12 (24%) specimens. The orbitofrontal artery originated on an average distance of 5.73mm on right side and average of 4.82mm on left side. Frontopolar artery(FPA) originated at a distance of about 20.2mm on right side and 17.6mm on left side. Callosomarginal artery and pericallosal artery were found in all the specimens. In one specimen the right FPA originated from callosomarginal artery. Conclusion:Rapidly advancing fields of vascular neurosurgery and interventional neuroradiology techniques require a thorough understanding of the anatomy. This detailed study done under various parameters would benefit the radiologists and neurosurgeons.
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