The aim of the article is to analyze the purchasing behavior of young e-consumers of organic products in regard to sustainable consumption. The article highlights the importance of the Internet in the intensification of purchasing processes of modern consumers and presents the results of the study conducted in November 2021 using a survey questionnaire involving a sample of 620 respondents. As a result of statistical analyses, a structural model was estimated using the maximum likelihood method. It allowed us to determine the variables that influence the purchasing behavior of young e-consumers, as well as to illustrate the degree of the influence between endogenous variables. Defining these relationships made it possible to determine the factors that affect the buying behavior of young e-consumers in the market of organic products. The results of the study and the analysis of the model have led us to the conclusion that purchasing behavior is mainly determined by product information derived from various sources involving product and service quality or warranty, thus giving the consumers the right to file a complaint. The balance between these factors creates the grounds for sustainable consumption and putting emphasis on the specified groups of factors by the producers will allow shopping activities to intensify among young e-consumers. The ongoing SARS-CoV-19 pandemic has posed a serious limitation to an effective performance of the following study. In the future, the authors intend to carry out similar research among overseas respondents so that it is possible to verify if the current trends can also be traced in foreign markets.
The aim of this paper is to define the business case for the involvement of SMEs in CSR from the perspective of employees. The work answers the following questions: (1) What socially responsible activities do SMEs undertake? (2) To what extent are SME employees involved in activities in the area of CSR? (3) How is the business rationale of CSR activities perceived by employees? On the basis of the conducted research, the authors decided to find out what and how socially responsible activities impact business performance. For this purpose, a structural model was estimated, using the maximum likelihood method. As a result of the research, it was found that small- and medium-sized enterprises engage in CSR activities, but their involvement is limited and focused on environmental, health-related initiatives, and social campaigns. This suggests the choice of activities that are related to the formation of responsible attitudes, which are universal but not very engaging for employees. The results also show that employees are not passive observers but are responsible for the implementation of the CSR initiatives, which may have positive and negative impacts on business performance. In the opinion of employees, the most important benefits of involvement in CSR are building trust, building relationships with clients, and image improvement. Motivators such as increased profitability or (surprisingly) sustainable development played a much smaller role. From the theory point of view, the research results define the scope and scale of SMEs involvement in corporate social responsibility activities and indicate the main benefits that result from this involvement for SMEs. The results of research allow for a more effective selection of CSR activities and areas in which companies can use CSR to support the achievement of business goals.
Purpose:The article attempts to assess the multivariable factors influencing the level of satisfaction of employees with the work they perform. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study was conducted in 2021 on a random sample of 740 respondents using a questionnaire. The method used in the study was CAWI. At the first stage of the analysis, attempts were made to determine the variables influencing satisfaction with remote work performed. For this purpose, a structural model was estimated using the maximum likelihood method. Findings: A set of variables that affect employee's satisfaction with the work performed was identified, and the strength of influence between endogenous variables was shown. Practical Implications: The research results show that the employer should emphasize the excellent support of employees because it will result in a higher degree of satisfaction with remote work. These variables should also be systematically monitored and analyzed as this would be mutually beneficial for both employers and employees and would contribute to the effectiveness of remote work. Originality/Value: First work of each own with several variables not being considered be other researchers in the past.
Today’s company has to operate in a turbulent market environment, where the policy of sustainable development is still gaining importance. Therefore, it has been forced to look for a strategic orientation that would allow it to face the growing demands of the changing reality. Each organization must therefore adapt to the changes in the environment. These changes include the need to implement sustainable energy usage practices. This article presents determinants that build such an attitude in a company and thus contribute to the sustainable development of the organization. This article is based on the results of an empirical study conducted in December 2021 on a sample of 690 respondents (later, due to the purpose of the study, the sample was narrowed to 578 working people) using a survey questionnaire. A structural model was estimated using the maximum likelihood method. It allowed us to determine the variables that influence the degree to which companies use energy saving practices, as well as to illustrate the strength of influence between endogenous variables. Establishing these relationships will allow us to determine the factors that are determinants of the implementation of the idea of sustainable development in the company.
Purpose: To identify purchasing determinants that affect online consumers. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study was conducted in 2021 on a random sample of 945 respondents with the use of a questionnaire. Thanks to the research it was possible to list the variables influencing consumer online shopping behaviour. For this purpose, a structural model was estimated using the maximum likelihood method. Findings: The strength of influence between endogenous variables, i.e., the mentioned aspects, was shown. By analysing these dependencies, it is possible to establish dependencies that can give an image of the purchasing behaviour of consumers at virtual points of sale. Practical Implications: The results of the research show dependencies that shape the consumer online purchase behaviour. Determining the corelations makes it possible to highlight the significant correlations of shopping variables and their strength of influence. Thanks to this, universal purchasing trends can be determined, taking into account that the purchasing variables are primarily influenced by the gender of the buyer.
Purpose:The article is an attempt to assess the effectiveness of e-learning as well as the satisfaction of students with online learning. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study was conducted in 2021 on a random sample of 1203 students of chosen Polish universities. The methods used in the study was CAWI. In the first stage of the analysis attempts were made to define the variables influencing the effectiveness of e-learning as well as the degree of the satisfaction of students with the online classes. Findings:The studies demonstrate a close correlation between the student's satisfaction with e-learning and the lecturer's involvement in the classes, good support and functioning of the university's ICT system, an technical and methodological preparation of the university for the implementation of e-learning. Practical Implications: The results of the research show clearly that authorities should put emphasis on good support and functioning of their university's ICT system, on technical and methodological preparation and on lecturer's involvement in the classes conducted, because it will result in a higher degree of student satisfaction with e-learning. These variables should also be systematically monitored and analysed as this would be mutually beneficial for both university and students and would contribute to the effectiveness of distance learning. Originality/Value: A set of variables that affect students' satisfaction was identified and the strength of influence between endogenous variables was shown.
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