This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Background: In the field of regenerative medicine, delivery of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hASCs) has shown great promise to promote wound healing. However, a hostile environment of the injured tissue has shown considerably to limit the survival rate of the transplanted cells, and thus, to improve the cell survival and retention towards successful cell transplantation, an optimal cell scaffold is required. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential use of wood-derived nanofibrillar cellulose (NFC) wound dressing as a cell scaffold material for hASCs in order to develop a cell transplantation method free from animal-derived components for wound treatment. Methods: Patient-derived hASCs were cultured on NFC wound dressing without cell adhesion coatings. Cell characteristics, including cell viability, morphology, cytoskeletal structure, proliferation potency, and mesenchymal cell and differentiation marker expression, were analyzed using cell viability assays, electron microscopy, immunocytochemistry, and quantitative or reverse transcriptase PCR. Student's t test and one-way ANOVA followed by a Tukey honestly significant difference post hoc test were used to determine statistical significance.Results: hASCs were able to adhere to NFC dressing and maintained high cell survival without cell adhesion coatings with a cell density-dependent manner for the studied period of 2 weeks. In addition, NFC dressing did not induce any remarkable cytotoxicity towards hASCs or alter the morphology, proliferation potency, filamentous actin structure, the expression of mesenchymal vimentin and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins collagen I and fibronectin, or the undifferentiated state of hASCs.Conclusions: As a result, NFC wound dressing offers a functional cell culture platform for hASCs to be used further for in vivo wound healing studies in the future.
The diversity and
safety of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) hydrogels
have gained a vast amount of interest at the pharmaceutical site in
recent years. Moreover, this biomaterial has a high potential to be
utilized as a protective matrix during the freeze-drying of heat-sensitive
pharmaceuticals and biologics to increase their properties for long-term
storing at room temperature and transportation. Since freeze-drying
and subsequent reconstitution have not been optimized for this biomaterial,
we must find a wider understanding of the process itself as well as
the molecular level interactions between the NFC hydrogel and the
most suitable lyoprotectants. Herein we optimized the reconstitution
of the freeze-dried NFC hydrogel by considering critical quality attributes
required to ensure the success of the process and gained insights
of the obtained experimental data by simulating the effects of the
used lyoprotectants on water and NFC. We discovered the correlation
between the measured characteristics and molecular dynamics simulations
and obtained successful freeze-drying and subsequent reconstitution
of NFC hydrogel with the presence of 300 mM of sucrose. These findings
demonstrated the possibility of using the simulations together with
the experimental measurements to obtain a more comprehensive way to
design a successful freeze-drying process, which could be utilized
in future pharmaceutical applications.
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
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