The rhizosphere is the region that has direct influence from the roots. This is the place where most of the interactions between microorganisms and plants occur. Studies involving the ecology of microbial communities from the rhizosphere became more frequent after the first reports of biological interactions of microorganisms with plants that influence physically and chemically modify the soil surrounding. According to these hypotheses, the rhizosphere mycobiota provides the development of plants through various mechanisms, direct and indirect. Thus, the objective of this review was to explain the aspects that provide characterizing these microorganisms as beneficial to plants in view of their applicability to agro-ecosystems. Therefore, it is stated that rhizospheric fungi have the solubilization of phosphorus (P), assimilating this nutrient for plants, promoting growth through the production or stimulation of the production of growth regulators such as 3-indole acetic acid, and control of phytopathogenic agents such as other filamentous fungi, and also phytonemamatodes. Therefore, it is possible to observe the importance of the constant observance of the action of these microorganisms in terms of their ecological role due to the agro-ecosystem.
<p>A crescente necessidade de encontrar alternativas para fazer frente às resistências de certos micro-organismos a compostos já existentes no mercado tem atraído a pesquisa de bioprospecção de fungos endofíticos como fontes de bioativos. Esses compostos podem se apresentar como tóxicos e/ou mortais para outros micro-organismos, além de possuírem atividades hormonais, antibióticas, antifúngicas e antiparasitárias. Objetivou-se verificar a produção de bioativos por fungos endofiticos associados a plantas do Semiárido alagoano. Foram isolados fungos de Barauna (<em>Schinopsis brasiliensis)</em>, Quixabeira (<em>Bumelia sertorum</em> Mart.), Juazeiro (<em>Ziziphus joazeiro</em> Mart.), Bonome (<em>Maytenus rigida Mart)</em>, Aroeira-Vermelha (<em>Schinus terebinthifolius)</em>, Pau-Ferro (<em>Caesalpinia ferrea)</em>, Pereiro (<em>Aspidosperma pyrifolium)</em>, Angico-vermelho (<em>Anadenanthera colubrina)</em>, Imburana (<em>Commiphora leptophloeos)</em>, e Umbuzeiro (<em>Spondias tuberosa). </em>Os isolamentos, foram realizados pelo método das diluições seriadas e semeadura em meio de Martin, e posterior purificação em meio mineral. O potencial antagônico foi testado contra<em> Escherichia coli </em>25922, <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa </em>27853 e<em> Sthafhyloccus aureus </em>25923. Foi averiguado a eficiência antagônica de 80% dos isolados testados.<strong></strong></p>
The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological attributes of a Cohesive Yellow Latosol. Collections were carried out in three land use systems (LUS). The first, with natural rainforest (NR), the second with sugarcane (SC) cultivated since 2009, and the third under Mimosa cesalpiniifolia (MC) introduced in 1999. Microbiological analyzes were carried out by determining the carbon from microbial biomass, readily mineralizable carbon, microbial respiration, metabolic quotient, total organic carbon, microbial C/total organic C ratio, and occurrence of cellulolytic and ammonifiers microorganisms. Analysis of variance was performed to verify the different measures of microbiological attributes. The variation obtained from CMB was from 3.06 to 4 µg.C.g-1 in NR, 3.02 to 3.92 µg.C.g-1 in MC, and 3.14 to 3.24 µg.C.g-1 in SC. For accumulated CO2, no differences were found between environments, with values ranging from 77 to 55.70 µg.Kg-1 for NR, 80.30 to 49.56 for MC, and 80.30 to 49.56 for SC. qCO2 had no significant effect, and in relation to total organic carbon the forest soil (NR). These results demonstrate that the microbiological attributes of the soil are influenced by cover, environmental standards and soil management, and the sampling time. The forest soil showed superior microbial biomass when compared to other soils. The metabolic control detected a difference between the collection times. For the accumulated CO2 resources, no changes were observed.
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