This study was concerned with the prediction of school counselor effectiveness before placement. Three groups of subjects varying in amount of experience were appraised independent of selection. Ratings by principals, XDEA facultj, and state supervisors were subsequently used as criteria. The most promising measures across groups and criteria were a selfappraisal of essential counselor qualities and skills; a Counselor Rating Scale, completed by the school principal, and undergraduate grade point ratio. However, it was concluded that because of the necessity for several criteria and their low interrelationships, the prospects seemed poor for precise prediction of effectiveness in school counseling.
The construction and cross-validation of an 11-item scale for prediction of academic success after readmission to the University of Hawaii is described. A short, 4-item scale was also validated for use with applicants who were not tested and counseled. Total score was significantly related to grades earned in the first semester after readmission for 37 students tested and counseled before acceptance in fall 1959. Scores on the short scale were also significantly associated with the criterion for 186 students admitted on probation in fall 1959 and for 115 students readmitted in fall 1960. The utility of such scales is pointed out. Also, consideration of the individual items provided the basis for discussion of the personal dynamics associated with academic attainment of probated students.
Contents race as a scientific term was seriously flawed. Yee et al. have reinforced that con-Dole on Yee et al 40 elusion. Rushton on Yee et al 40 l propose, therefore, that applied and Jensen on Yee et al 41 scientific psychologists drop race because it Eisenmanon Yeeet al""ZZ!"Z""^42 is a hopelessly ambiguous and politicized Sun on Yee et al 43 descriptor of alleged human subspecies. Psy-Fish on Yee et al 44 chologists should retain race only in rela-Levin on Yee et al 45 tion to attributed group membership or stud-Fairchild et al. Reply""!Z"I!!^!"I^" 46 ies of attitudes. Thus racism is certainly of Day and Tappan on Sampson 47 interest when it refers to a popular belief Kuhlman on Sampson 48 that some group is superior, inferior, or dif-Blanch et al. on Sampson 49 ferent on some characteristic. Silverstein on Sampson 50 What are the practical consequences if ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ psychologists abandon race? For a serious inquiry that addresses, for example, individual differences on a particular variable (intelligence, athletic ability, personality, etc.) in relation to group membership, I rec-Why Not Drop Race ommend that investigators collect data about as a Term? a number of separate characteristics-gender, age, occupation, education, religion, Arthur A Dole parent education, parent occupation, income, Trenton MEgeneration in the United States, country of ancestral origin, and so on. However, in After they reviewed the recent literature designing categories for human populations regarding race, most of it published since the y should avoid skin color ( black ' red > 1970, Yee, Fairchild, Weizmann, and Wyatt y ellow ' white )> continental origin (African, (November 1993) called for a blue-ribbon Asian )> ^thropological designation (Cauinterdisciplinary commission to develop a casian )> or colonial hlstorv (Latino). In curframe of reference. As an undergraduate rent P ractice ( e -g-uscensus > these char " more than half a century ago, I encountered a cteristics are often combined in a multipleconsiderable confusion, disagreement, and choice format : but the V lack lo 8 ical consis " contradiction about race in introductory tenc y' md the y "«loose and leaky categocourses in psychology, sociology, anthro-ries -A PP lied to a sin 8 le individual in a pology, and biology. Even among promi-clinicaI situation, a racial term reveals little nent psychologists there was little unifor-or nothin 8-If a racial category is reported as mity. For example, Henry Garrett (1945), a g^P mean -variability may be overlooked the Columbia statistician, had close ties with aad overgeneralization encouraged. An inthe eugenics movement. Robert Yerkes tensive famil y hist0T V is far more P roduc -(1921), the specialist on primate behavior tive -After more than 70 vears of confusion, and a father of the Army Alpha, presented a blue-ribbon commission is hardly necesevidence about differences in intelligence sar y to advise psychologists to avoid popuby race. On the other hand, the research of lar rac i al categories in their research ...
The multiple model discards the assumption of one correct practice, one theory, one model. It prepares the beginner to cope with the chaos and disagreement he will face throughout his professional lifeIt is generally believed that supervision is essential in the preparation of professional psychologists. Criteria for the evaluation by APA of programs in clinical, counseling, and school psychology customarily include supervision. Similarly, in other applied fields educators are very concerned with arranging satisfactory placements for their interns; social work, medicine including psychiatry, teaching, and school counseling, for example, all provide their neophyte practitioners with field experiences under the careful control of experienced professionals.Various experts have written on the theory and practice of supervision as a training function.
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