Primary school children are exposed to asymmetric loads that lead to an imbalance of postural muscles and a violation of the body relative symmetry. Mass screening examinations in schools for scoliotic posture and scoliosis are conducted primarily through the Adams test. It has low reproducibility and a high frequency of false negative results. In practice, various methods for diagnosing posture disorders are also used. Some methods are based on the evaluation of postural muscles static endurance, elasticity and proportionality of their functional capabilities. Others are based on a comprehensive assessment of the ability to maintain an upright posture rationally. The third ones are based on the analysis of the tonic vibration and H-reflex of skeletal muscles on both sides of the vertebral column. All the above mentioned methods definitely have diagnostic potential. Therefore it was decided to determine the validity of some common methods for diagnosing posture disorders based on the analysis of their mutual congruence. Based on the results of the experiment, a reliable correlation between the studied parameters was established. It in turn allows us to judge the congruence of the considered diagnostic methods and, accordingly, the high probability of their validity.
For several decades the problem of prevention and correction of posture disorders in primary school children has not lost its relevance. Statistics show that 68-94 % of primary school students have posture disorders. A special place in the classification of posture disorders is occupied by a scoliotic posture. Such a statement indicates that health improving physical education does not fully solve the tasks assigned to it. Analysis of literature sources allowed us to establish two main reasons for the low effectiveness of prevention and correction of scoliotic posture in primary school children. The first reason relates to the low effectiveness of early diagnosis scoliotic posture, and the second reason is low overage of the aspects of the problem, revealing the model of periodization of fitness training with the children in the theory and practice of physical culture. The results of previous studies have allowed us to suggest ways to improve the effectiveness of prevention and correction of scoliotic posture in primary school children, namely: to expand the range of traditional methods of early diagnosis of scoliotic posture through motor and postural diagnostics; to use a nonlinear model of periodization of physical activity to create optimal conditions for leveling muscle imbalance and the formation of rational motor automatisms and patterns in the context of health training.
Epidemiological surveys reflect a negative trend in functional indicators for children’s physical health. In recent surveys it is experimentally proved that unlike other methods of training, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) produces prevailing positive effect onto the indicators of physical and functional condition of children with poor health. However, the review of studies suggests that the stated idea turns to be controversial. There is the evidence of possible negative effects of intense physical activity due to the low level biological reliability of adaptation mechanisms and other anatomical and physiological characteristics of children. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a scientifically based conceptual model of timeline for children’s health training in which the central health impetus will be HIIT.
In recent time, the specialists in the field of physical education and health protection have no consensus on the need to include stretching exercises as an obligatory type of physical activity for apparently healthy young people. The problem is that most university students tend to have sedentary lifestyle. According to some reports, this can negatively affect the flexibility of the hamstrings and, as a result, lead to a decrease in physical performance. To maintain and develop flexibility, special stretching techniques are traditionally used, which caused the point about the necessity to include them in weekly physical activity. The opposite position is that flexibility is perfectly developed and maintained through the performance of healthier types of physical activity. In this case, the flexibility of the hamstrings should be correlated with the amount of physical activity. The aim of the research was to study the relationship between the amount of physical activity of students and the flexibility of the hamstrings. To achieve this aim, a correlation study was conducted. The results of the study showed that there is a noticeable significant correlation between the total value of physical activity of students and the flexibility of the hamstrings. This, in turn, is an additional reinforcement of the position that there is no strict need to include stretching as an obligatory component of the physical activity of university students to maintain and develop the flexibility of the hamstrings.
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