Blast furnace slags are subdivided into granular and dump. Granulated slag is widely used in the construction industry to production of Portland cement, Portland slag cement, slagalkaline cements, and concretes based on these cements. Dump slag is of less use, because it has low activity. The phase composition of granular and waste slag was investigated by methods of physicochemical analysis. The slags contain minerals that are present in Portland cement clinker. Concrete samples were made using granular, waste slag and sand. Unsatisfactory results in compressive and flexural strength were shown by a sample made of only two types of slag. The best strength results were obtained for a composition in which there are three components: granular slag, dump slag (filler) and sodium hydroxide. Electronic images have confirmed the appearance of low-basic calcium silicates, which provide the strength of the cementless composite. The resulting concrete composition is resource-saving, because made from production waste. And it can be called energy-saving, because no energy is expended to obtain components. The ecological feasibility of the production of such concrete is due to the absence of emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere (including carbon dioxide), since the firing of cement clinker is not needed.
This paper reports a study into the effect of mineral fillers such as ground granulated blast furnace slag, microsilica, and nano dispersed alumina on the structure formation and water resistance of gypsum. The theoretical models of gypsum stone structure with mineral fillers have been built and described, taking into consideration the sign of the surface charge of gypsum crystals and filler particles. In accordance with the developed models, the fillers enable the formation of a dense structure of gypsum stone as a compositional material with a large number of electro-heterogeneous contacts. With this structure, the gypsum dihydrate crystals are maximally protected from contact with water and dissolution. The electron microscopic study of the gypsum stone with mineral fillers has been carried out, which has confirmed that the rational ratio of gypsum to slag ensures the densest structure of the stone. The dependences of the strength of gypsum stone in the dry and water-saturated condition and a water resistance factor (softening) on the content of slag, micro-and nano dispersed filler, a water-hardened ratio, have been experimentally established. The introduction of a rational amount of microfiller with a negative surface charge (microsilica) has increased the water resistance ratio by 0.2‒0.4 amounting to a value of 1. The introduction of a rational amount of micro-filler with a positive surface charge (nano dispersed alumina) has improved the water resistance ratio by 0.8 amounting to a value of 0.9. The established mechanism that forms the gypsum stone structure with fillers would make it possible to develop the compositions for a mineral binder based on gypsum, which could be used under wet operational conditions
Pre-treatment viznachaє infusion of mineral additives on the natural deformation of gypsum virob. The main reason for the low water resistance of the gypsum viruses is stated. The reason is є a wedge vise. Such a grip breaks out local contacts with crystals. Tsi cause one to dress up in a negative synergistic effect. A wide circle of naukovts is looked around. Fakhivtsi detect the inflow of mineral and chemical additives on the water resistance of the gypsum. Zokrem is honored that the power of materials on the basis of inorganic viscous accumulation of the manifestation of electrostatic interconnection of subordinate electric spheres of structural elements. Before it was confirmed, the value of the biological deformation of the gypsum should be deposited instead of a mineral supplement. Uwagu zoseredzheno on slag blast-furnace granulated chalk.The meta of the statistic was the determination of the degree of determination of the indicator of the uniform lineal deformation of the water saturation (swelling) ew at m / m. Such an indicator can be used with a supplementary indicator of water resistance. In the experimental preliminaries, we used G-10 grade G-10 industrial gypsum, Zaporizhstal blast-furnace granulation slag, and a plasticizing additive - sodium lignosulfonate in a 2% mixture of gipsuFor further development, the skin with three eyes was placed vertically near the vessel. A steel overlay was placed on top of the zrazok. Before the overlay, an indicator of the year-old type was set, fastened to a laboratory stand. The distance was fixed to the cob to show the indicator. The deformation took 3–5 years to develop. In the meantime, having reached the maximum value and mayzhe, the odra was repaired to decrease. At the same time, there will be a projection of the addition of a supplementary indicator of water resistance to the water consumDue to the increase in the amount of slag, the deformation will decrease. The price decrease did not demonstrate a linear character. The character is sickly. This deposit is analogous to that of the deposits of the mines and water from the slag. Minimal deformation is more favorable for a piece gypsum stone with a removable slag W / (H + W) 0.05–0.1 and ponad 0.27. Tse pіdtverzhu podpuschennya about injections at low water resistance gіpsu ozklinuvalnogo inlet water. The wedge-shaped inflow of water is drawn through the contacts between the crystals and particles in the structures of the hypers. The values of the natural deformations of a piece gypsum stone are projected according to the parameters of the water resistance.
The influence of mineral additive, i.e. ground granulated blast-furnace slag on artificial gypsum stone humidity strains has been studied. The slag content was varied in the range from 0 to 0.33 by weight based on the total amount of the mixture. The measurements were carried out on prism samples with dimensions of 160x40x40 mm. The samples were placed vertically in containers with water, the deformations were measured using dial indicators. It was established that the humidity strain value depends on the content of the granulated milled blastfurnace slag. A maximum strain of over 0.001 m/m is observed for the gypsum stone without mineral additive. A relative strain is decreased with an increase in the slag content. Minimum humidity strain of 0.0003-0.0004 m/m was observed for the artificial gypsum stone with the relative slag content of 0.05-0.1 and more than 0.27. This fact confirms our assumption that the water concentrated in the contacts between the individual crystals and particles of the structure of gypsum stone has a wedging effect that contributes to a low water resistance of gypsum. The values of the humidity strains of the artificial gypsum stone are suggested for the use as additional indicators of its water resistance.
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