Electrospun nanofibers are very popular in polymer nanocomposites because they have a high aspect ratio, a large surface area, and good mechanical properties, which gives them a broad range of uses. The application of nonwoven structures of electrospun nanofiber mats has historically been limited to enhancing the interlaminar responses of fiber-reinforced composites. However, the potential of oriented nanofibers to improve the characteristics of bulk matrices cannot be overstated. In this research, a multilayered laminate composite was created by introducing polyamide (PA6)-oriented nanofibers into an epoxy matrix in order to examine the effect of the nanofibers on the tensile and thermal characteristics of the nanocomposite. The specimens’ fracture surfaces were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, the thermal characteristics of the nanofiber-layered composites were investigated. The results demonstrated a 10.58% peak in the nanocomposites’ elastic modulus, which was compared to the numerical simulation and the analytical model. This work proposes a technique for the development of lightweight high-performance nanocomposites.

In this research, we focused on testing the physical and mechanical properties of the developed polyacrylonitrile (PAN) composite nanofibers with succinite (Baltic amber) and SiO2 particles using standard methods of nanofiber testing (physical and mechanical properties). Polyacrylonitrile composite nanofibers (based on the electrospinning method) were coated on an aluminum substrate for structural investigation. SEM was used to determine the average fiber diameter and standard deviation. The mechanical properties of the fibers were determined using a universal testing machine (NANO, MTS). We observed that constant or decreased levels of crystallinity in the ultrafine composite nanofibers led to the preservation of high levels of strain at failure and that the strength of nanofibers increased substantially as their diameter reduced. Improvements in PAN composite nanofibers with succinite and SiO2 nanopowder are feasible with continuous decreases in diameter. The drastically decreased strain at failure demonstrated a substantial reduction in viscosity (toughness) of the annealed nanofibers. Large stresses at failure in the as-spun nanofibers were a result of their low crystallinity. As a result, decreasing the diameter of PAN nanofibers from approximately 2 micrometers to 139 nanometers (the smallest nanofiber tested) resulted in instantaneous increases in the elastic modulus from 1 to 26 GPa, true strength from 100 to 1750 MPa, and toughness from 20 to 604 MPa.

Based on succinite superior biological and physical properties, elaborated biotextiles are excellent candidates of next generation multifunctional textiles. Here the thin, soft, and strong textile with superior abilities of electromagnetic interference shielding is prepared by technological composition of micro fibres reinforced with micro/nano particles: metal (Al/Ag), silicium dioxide, resin fillers (succinite or its derivatives). The composite biotextile also exhibits an excellent electrical resistance property, and at the same time can be water and air vapour transmissible easily. It has been proven that due to the high electrical resistance of the biotextile, as well as based on the electronegative surface charge of the biotextile, an additional protective repulsive barrier is provided against nano-sized particles (viruses size 20-150 nm). By testing on the electrical conductivity and electrical resistance of the biotextile, it was proved: the static voltage test shows that biotextile material has a good antistatic property. Biotextile tested in tandem with synthetic materials, residual static voltage is recorded, which can be defined as the presence of a conductive and insulating material in the biotextile sample. Polarization index test results show the highest mobility of the dipoles of the biotextile (polarization index PI 3.03). This characterizes it as a good electrical insulating material, but its low insulation resistance limits its use at high voltages. This provides a new strategy to develop multifunctional textile materials. In the research result, the electrostatic interaction of a textile material and a negatively charged particle was modelled and analysed (particle size of the SARS-CoV-2 = 0.09 μm). The developed new technological method for analysing the protective properties of textile materials can be recommended as an additional test to the existing method for testing protective (filtering) materials with a charged surface.

The amber nano fibres are bio-active composites which could be applied in three-dimensional printing. The idea of using the amber for creating a new 3D printing material, including technological composition of the innovative amber nano and micro fibres is based on the hypothesis that organic compounds of succinite have an effective impact on living cells, including reparative, stimulating, for sedative effects as well protective properties from electro-magnetic field. To produce amber nano fibres, bioactive components were used that were isolated from the succinite and tested (in vitro) in the scientific laboratories. Three-dimensional printing is an emerging technology, which has been initially used to design and generate three-dimensional structures mainly for transplantation therapies. This process, which can be used for a variety of polymers, is becoming an increasingly essential component of biotechnological advancements. This article discusses the foundations of this technology, namely the processes used in conventional three-dimensional printing; it also discusses tissue engineering, a discipline of which new implementations of this technology are used as bio printing. The shortcomings of tissue engineering are addressed, including the failure of existing technology to manufacture nanofiber-based constructs used in blood vessels, cartilage, artery valves, tendon, cardiac muscle valves, muscle, and cornea. From this need for nanofiber processing, electrospinning is proposed as a possible roadmap for imminent tissue engineering threedimensional printing technologies, and finally, the latest integration of this technology with three-dimensional printing is addressed, highlighting the existing shortcomings in maintaining mandatory nano resolutions.