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Nickel–zinc iron oxide (NZF) was introduced into a polyaniline (PANI) matrix by an in-situ chemical oxidation polymerization approach. This nanohybrid was used to fabricate a photodetector device on a biodegradable and flexible paper substrate.

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An MnO2-SnO2 nanocomposite-based sensing device with below lower exposure limit (0.5-2.0 vol%) for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is reported. The synthesized material is highly crystalline with an average crystallite size of 16.786 nm, confirmed by the X-ray diffraction (XRD). A Williamson-Hall plot shows that induced strain of 2.627×10-4, present in the nanocomposite, lies between the induced strains of both of its constituents. The XRD pattern of nanocomposite contains cubic phase of MnO2 and the tetragonal phase of SnO2. Tauc plot shows the optical energy band gap of MnO2, SnO2, and MnO2-SnO2 of 3.407, 3.037, and 3.202 eV, respectively. The surface morphological investigation shows the brush-like structure which enhances sensor performance by providing activation sites. The energy dispersive X-ray spectrum found that materials are highly pure because other peaks are not observed. The functional group analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy found that Sn-O and Mn-O both vibration bands existed. The highest sensor response was found to be 2.42 for 2.0 vol% whereas for a lower concentration of 0.5 vol% the sensor response was observed to 1.44. The fast response and recovery of this sensing device were found to17.30 and 23.25 s, respectively, for 0.5 vol% of LPG.

The current research work reports on the functionalization of a poly-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TSA)-doped polyaniline matrix by ZnS nanosheets. Structural analysis has been performed by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The Rietveld refinement confirms the cubic phase of ZnS as well as the XPS reveals the binding energies of Zn 2p1/2 and Zn 2p3/2 at 1045.85 and 1022.83 eV, respectively, establishing the Zn2+ state. Scanning electron microscopy of ZnS–polyaniline exhibits a different-sized mist-like morphology on both paper and cotton substrates. The tunneling electron microscopy images reveal the ZnS nanosheet with an interplanar spacing of 0.31 nm incorporated in the polyaniline matrix. Further, analysis was carried out through UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering. The metal–metallopolymer nanohybrid-metal device of this metal–polymer framework was fabricated on flexible and eco-friendly cellulose paper and cotton substrates. The density functional theory approach was adopted for better insight understanding about the synthesized material in terms of band gap, electron affinity, and electronegativity. Ohmic as well as the space charge-limited behavior of current is found responsible for the current–voltage characteristics. This flexible device exhibited an ultrahigh photoresponsivity of 396.479 A W–1 and a giant external quantum efficiency of 1.344 × 105%. Paper and cotton substrate-based devices show significant responsivities of 3.671 and 1.740 mA/W with detectivities of 3.092 × 1010 and 3.470 × 1010 Jones even at 0 V, respectively.

In the present work, we have reported solvent-free frontal polymerization of acrylamide monomer with transitional metal dichalcogenide (TMDs) i.e. MoS2 nanoflakes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images confirm the formation of...

Novel CuBi2O4 nanocrystals incorporated in the polyaniline matrix utilized for the fabrication of a flexible and bio-compatible device for the detection of low-intensity photons by using a photomultiplication type photodetector.