Highlights
The last few decades have witnessed rising trends in urbanization as a global phenomenon.
Researchers are promoting liveability approaches as elementary to assess the degree of living standards of cities.
The paper earmarks noticeable variations in the existing liveability approaches between the East and West.
The review examines a comparative critical assessment of the existing four liveability approaches accordingly.
The paper accomplishes a gap prevails concerning liveability approaches between various global cities.
We begin by remarking upon the pervasiveness of nonmarket institutional arrangements in capitalist economic systems. We then sketch out some typical generalized forms of collective order and economic coordination in industrial agglomerations—quasi-integration, voluntary associations, informal business cultures, and governmental institutions. With the aid of simple statistics we describe the growth of the high-technology industrial agglomerations (technopoles) of Southern California since the 1950s. The specific regulatory tasks and institutions engendered by this growth are reviewed in detail with special reference to transactional economies, innovation and technology transfer, labor supply, land development, and lobbying and local economic growth. We conclude with a brief discussion of some of the problems and predicaments experienced by high-technology industry in Southern California and in the USA in the current (neoconservative) policy environment.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.