This paper introduces a framework for agent based autonomous charging and discharging of Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) at local energy communities. Agents are programmed to control the bidirectional charging according to green energy utilisation incentives, based on load and generation forecasts. The optimization is achieved within a group of independent prosumers following a fully distributed approach using multiple self-organising agents. No central instance is needed for communication, billing or decision making. To demonstrate the ecological benefits of the system, simulations for a car pool, with a Photovoltaic (PV) plant, in a residential neighborhood were performed. The simulations resulted in an increased community PV self-consumption value of 48% compared to 29% in case of uncontrolled charging processes.
Distributed solar photovoltaic generation is less expensive than the retail price of electricity from the grid in most parts of Europe. Growing shares of variable generation place a focus on Renewable Energy Communities (REC) to increase the economic benefits of local energy systems. Civil society could play an influential and necessary role in the development of such communities, the expansion of renewable energy capacity and the provision of flexibility. However, current RECs models still confine tenants to their role as non-participating consumers. This article provides a concept to enable participative RECs within the German regulatory framework through collective self-consumption by including consumers for a fair allocation of renewable electricity using the blockchain technology.
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