The texture of pecans (Cqu illinoensis) from four cuhivars (Barton, Mahan, Western and Wichita) was analyzed using sensory and instrumental methods. Sensory hardness, flexibility and crispness were rated by trained panelists. Ranking of hardness and crispness was also carried out. A Texture Analyser TA.XT2@ was used for 50% compression, texture profile analysis (TPA), puncture and bending. Puncture and 50% compression gave best reproducibility, least variability and agreement with sensory data. The most relevant TPA parameters were cohesiveness, elasticity and fracturabihty. Parameters from the bending test did not indicate texture of the pecans suitably.

Puncture force was measured after cooking for lentils, chick peas, broad beans and three cultivars of beans, at 15 cooking times (up to 300 min) and 4 cooking temperatures. The legumes were soaked and then cooked in distilled water (1:10 weight/volume ratio). A 2 mm diameter punch was driven through the samples at 5 mm⅐s Ϫ1 in a Texture Analyser TA.XT2. A rapid initial softening was followed by a slower softening, both corresponding to a pseudo first-order mechanism. The effect of temperature followed an Arrhenius' pattern. Apparent rate constants and activation energies were determined.

During the lockdown for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), entire populations were instructed to live in home confinement. We investigated the effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on the physical activity (PA) and mental health of students and employees in a Colombian University. A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online survey during the first isolation. A total of 431 respondents (192 males) aged 18–60 years old (28.1 ± 11.1 years) participated. The international Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the short version of the Psychological General Well-Being Index (PGWBI-S) were used. The lockdown had a negative effect on PA levels, with students exhibiting the greatest decrease (~34%; p ˂ 0.001) compared to employees (~24%; p ˂ 0.01). The analysis showed a greater change in PA behavior before and during the lockdown in highly active student participants (5750 vs. 5141 MET min/week; p < 0.05). Additionally, the psychological assessment revealed a lower score in students compared to employees in the male (70.1 vs. 82.6) and female groups (60.2 vs. 79.6). Moreover, the results revealed an influence of sex, with only the female students exhibiting a state of distress. Self-reported PA and psychological well-being were compromised during the COVID-19 lockdown in the academic community, with students and females being more affected.

Background: The objectives of this study were to identify which of the sociodemographic variables affected psychological well-being in two populations that differed in their sports practice at the end of the COVID-19 lockdown in Colombia. Methods: The study was conducted through an online survey using the IPAQ-S and PGWBI-S questionnaires six months after the first SARS-CoV-2 lockdown, between 8 and 22 September 2020 in Colombia. The total number of study participants was 582, subdivided into two groups: (i) non-athlete university population (NA) without constant practice in physical activity or sports training (n = 470); and (ii) martial arts athletes (n = 122) with a sports career (A), 7.4 ± 3.4 years of experience, at different levels (advanced belts and black belts). Results: Sports practice, normal BMI levels and high levels of physical activity translated into absence of distress (ND) in the psychological well-being of populations. The variance between the factors could be explained by the general health dimension (2.4% population; 4.2% sex; 12% physical activity; 2.6% age). A moderate correlation between vitality and MET was found (r = 0.33; p < 0.001). Conclusions: The practice of a sport such as martial arts, normal body mass index and high levels of physical activity were factors that positively reduced levels of distress, translated into better psychological well-being in populations, and the general health dimension presented important contributions to psychological well-being. Intervention plans must be carried out, especially in populations that do not practice physical activity—mainly female and those under 40 years of age.

Objetivo: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar e comparar os resultados das assimetrias, entre atletas de Jiu-jitsu e Muay-thai por médio da baropodometria. Método: Participaram deste estudo 15 atletas de Muay-thai, idade 29.4±6.3 anos, experiência no esporte 8.5±4.0 anos, massa corporal 77.8±12.5 Kg, altura 178.2±8.6 cm e percentual de gordura corporal 11.2±4.9 e 16 atletas de Jiu-jitsu, idade 32.2±4.5 anos, experiência no esporte 6.3±3.4 anos, massa corporal 80±9.6 kg, altura 176±5.2 cm e percentual de gordura corporal 10.5±2.1. A presente investigação realizou medidas da pressão dos pés numa plataforma Tekscan® versão 5.1, com os indivíduos na posição ortostática. Foram analisados o percentual de força, pico de força e força de pressão plantar. Para analise estatística foi aplicado o T Students para mostras independentes e para medir o nível de significância foi utilizado o Effect Size. Resultados: Os atletas de ambas modalidades apresentaram valores médios semelhantes na avaliação por baropodometria apresentando diferenças significativas entre lado direito e lado esquerdo, com valores maiores no percentual de força, sendo o maior Effect Size no Muay-thai. Conclusão: A assimetria bilateral ocorreu entre os dois tipos de lutas, entretanto, com mais ênfase no grupo referente ao grupo Muay-thai, devido possivelmente ao uso constante de golpes com os pés tanto com o pé esquerdo, quanto o direito.

RESUMENFundamentos: El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar las quejas de dolores y la temperatura superficial de la piel en tres sitios corporales localizados en las muñecas y manos (bilateralmente) de trabajadores expuestos a los ambientes artificialmente climatizados para verificar la relación de las quejas de dolor con la temperatura. Métodos: Para la realización del estudio fueron recolectados datos cualitativos con el uso del cuestionario y datos cuantitativos con equipos de monitoreo ambiental y una cámara de detección de radiación infrarroja. El estudio fue realizado con diecinueve trabajadores de un sector de un matadero de pollos. Resultados: Los resultados apuntan que fueron identificadas menores temperaturas superficiales de la piel, alcanzando un valor de 16,67 ºC y fueron evidentes en los dedos de la mano que aseguran el producto, estando de acuerdo con el modelo adaptado de la ISO 11079 tratándose de una condición causadora de dolor. Conclusiones: Podemos concluir que este modelo de negocio, en las circunstancias que se presentan, exponen a los trabajadores a condiciones que pueden causar malestar, dolor, accidentes y enfermedades profesionales relacionadas con la exposición al frío. Este resultado es preocupante debido a su potencial impacto en una mayor cobertura de la salud del trabajador, teniendo en cuenta que las estadísticas oficiales se refieren al crecimiento de este tipo de actividad debido al crecimiento del sector. ABSTRACT Background:The objective of this research was to analyse the complaints about pains and the surface temperature of the skin in three body sites located in the wrists and hands (bilaterally) of workers exposed to artificially conditioned environment to verify the relationship of pain complaints with the temperature. Methods: To conduct the study qualitative data were collected using a questionnaire and quantitative data using environmental monitoring equipment and an infrared radiation detecting camera. The study was carried out with nineteen workers in a chicken slaughterhouse sector. Results:The results indicate that the lower surface temperatures of the skin reached 16,67 ºC, were highlighted on the fingers that hold the product, considered according to the adapted model of ISO 11079 as a condition causing pain. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that this business model, under the presented circumstances, expose workers to conditions that may cause discomfort, pain, accidents and occupational diseases related to exposure to cold. This result is worrying due to its potential impact on the worker's health and greater coverage, considering that that official statistics refer to the growth of this type of activity due to the sector's expansion.

los trabajadores. Los mismos pueden generar dolor y incomodidad corporal y una consecuente repercusión en la salud general del trabajador.1,2 Se considera que el dolor es uno de los síntomas más mencionados, principalmente en los relacionados con la mala posición del cuerpo, que a su vez se refleja en la producción laboral. Teniendo en cuenta estos factores, su control es esencial tanto del punto vista de la salud del trabajador y su desempeño. 3 La relación del dolor, incomodidad e incomodidad asociados a los factores de riesgo en el ambiente de trabajo, como las posiciones extremas, utilización de la fuerza de forma repetida y ausencia de descanso, puede ser entendida como una de las primeras indicaciones de la necesidad de las investigaciones. 4 La investigación, análisis y estudio de los factores de riesgo presentes en los diversos ambientes ocupacionales son fundamentales para la planeación e implementación de intervenciones preventivas eficaces y la prevención parece ser una de las ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to identify the profile of the employees of a Secretary of an Education Institution with regard to the complaint of pain and discomfort body. Participants were 41 employees who perform their work activities in sitting on computerized terminals. The instruments used in data collection were: Scale of Pain and/or Discomfort Body, RULA method, Wells´s seat. The data were processed using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, relative frequency) and inferential. The analysis of the attitudes of different segments was observed that no position was considered acceptable, it means, all postures generate risk on health of the worker. It is thus a negative profile of employees of this study with regard to the complaint of pain and discomfort body postures and biomechanical overload during task performance and level of body flexibility, which separately or together may cause risks to health worker possibly affecting their performance and quality of life. Keywords: HUMAN ENGINEERING, OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH, MODALITIES POSITION INTRODUCCIóNEn la actualidad, los síntomas resultantes de los acontecimientos osteo-musculares relacionados con las actividades ocupacionales son considerados los factores más sobresalientes en las incapacidades de

Rice starch isolated (NS), was subjected to chemical and thermomechanical modification with previous hydrolysis (MHS) and without previous hydrolysis (MS) to be evaluated on main starch properties as degree of substitution (DS), color, water absorption and solubility index (WAI, WSI), viscosity, texture, thermal properties (differential scanning calorimetry DSC) and structural properties (infrared-IR, Xray-Rx analysis, and relative crystallinity index-ICR). The modified starches were compared to native starch (NS). The DS obtained in both starches was within the range allowed by the FDA for its safety use as food ingredient (0.01-0.2). The modification showed an increase in WAI and WSI values, being WAI value higher in MS (4.80) and WSI value higher in MHS (32.06). The viscosity of retrogradation showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in both starches (HMS 0.013 and MS 5.613), obtaining gels with greater stability, however, the hardness of starch gels decreased (60 %) while the adhesiveness decreased only in MS (66 %). The crystallinity index (ICR) of the modified starches increased with regard to the native starch indicating a depolymerization of the molecule due to the modification. The presence of the acetyl group in the starch molecule was observed in the signals between 1650 to 1744 cm-1 confirming the esterification. The starches showed a high potential for its application as edible coatings and as wall material for microencapsulation.