Levels of Physical Activity and Psychological Well-Being in Non-Athletes and Martial Art Athletes during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Quintero, Armando Monterrosa; Rios, Ana Rita Echeverri; Fuentes-García, Juan Pedro; Sánchez, Juan Carlos González

doi:10.3390/ijerph19074004

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(73 reference statements)

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“…Our results are consistent with previous findings that showed gender-related poor mental health in athletes [ 44 ], the general population [ 45 ], and university students [ 10 ], with females being more affected than males [ 39 ]. However, some body of evidence did not find gender-related differences in psychological suffering [ 8 , 46 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…With regards to the sex factor, the lockdown affected both male and female participants in the student and employee groups, with females being more affected ( Figure 2 D). In this respect, our results are consistent with other reports [ 8 , 39 ], although they are a discrepancy with previous studies [ 2 ]. Perhaps men and women in our study had different motivations, and the environment had a stronger influence on one gender over the other.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

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Physical Activity Levels and Psychological Well-Being during COVID-19 Lockdown among University Students and Employees

Rosa

Quintero

Camacho-Villa

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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During the lockdown for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), entire populations were instructed to live in home confinement. We investigated the effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on the physical activity (PA) and mental health of students and employees in a Colombian University. A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online survey during the first isolation. A total of 431 respondents (192 males) aged 18–60 years old (28.1 ± 11.1 years) participated. The international Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the short version of the Psychological General Well-Being Index (PGWBI-S) were used. The lockdown had a negative effect on PA levels, with students exhibiting the greatest decrease (~34%; p ˂ 0.001) compared to employees (~24%; p ˂ 0.01). The analysis showed a greater change in PA behavior before and during the lockdown in highly active student participants (5750 vs. 5141 MET min/week; p < 0.05). Additionally, the psychological assessment revealed a lower score in students compared to employees in the male (70.1 vs. 82.6) and female groups (60.2 vs. 79.6). Moreover, the results revealed an influence of sex, with only the female students exhibiting a state of distress. Self-reported PA and psychological well-being were compromised during the COVID-19 lockdown in the academic community, with students and females being more affected.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Physical Activity Levels and Psychological Well-Being during COVID-19 Lockdown among University Students and Employees

Rosa

Quintero

Camacho-Villa

et al. 2022

IJERPH

Self Cite

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“…With decreased physical activity, the mental health of the general population was affected by the COVID-19 lockdown, leading to reduced psychological well-being and increased depression, anxiety, and insomnia [13,14]. A study conducted six months after the lockdown revealed that student athletes were less affected by COVID-19 than general students, reporting higher mental health scores on the Psychological General Well-Being Index-Short version [15]. Additionally, athletes competing in higher levels of competition were less anxious and more adaptive than athletes competing in lower levels of competition regarding changes in psychiatric symptoms just after the pandemic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Mental Health Characteristics of Athletes in Japanese Outpatient Clinics Pre- and Post-covid-19: a Cross-sectional Observational Study

Yamaguchi,

Kitahara,

Sato

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background Mental health disorders and symptoms in athletes have received increasing attention in recent decades, with the COVID-19 pandemic intensifying the psychological distress of athletes. While there have been numerous studies on athletes’ visits to mental health clinics in other countries, no study has been conducted on this topic in Japan. Therefore, this study investigated the differences in characteristics between athletes who visited mental health outpatient clinics before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A cross-sectional observational survey was conducted using data used from Keio University General Hospital and three affiliated mental clinics. Our sample comprised 88 athletes who had visited various healthcare facilities between 2018 and 2022. The independent variable was the timing of their outpatient mental health clinic visits—either pre- or post-COVID-19. The primary outcome was the F classification based on the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision. We collected data on clinical psychiatric diagnoses, age, sex, referral pathway, and sports-related details like the type, level of contact, whether individual or team sport, involvement duration, and athletic competition level. Results Overall, 86 athletes (37 before COVID-19 and 49 after COVID-19) were included in the study. No significant differences were found between the pre- and post-COVID-19 groups overall. However, subgroup analyses revealed a significant increase in anxiety-related disorders among female athletes and an increase in the participation of male athletes in individual sports in the post-COVID-19 group compared to the pre-COVID-19 group. Conclusion The increased anxiety among female athletes and the increased participation in individual sports among male athletes suggest that these groups should be a high-priority target for early intervention and prevention strategies. This study contributes to our understanding of how COVID-19 has affected the mental health of athletes seeking medical treatment in Japan, and it highlights which segments of the Japanese athlete population may be more vulnerable to mental health issues in the post-COVID-19 era. This study also provides valuable insights for practitioners on how to target specific segments of the athlete population for the implementation of interventions aimed at mitigating the development of mental health issues after COVID-19.

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“…Our study demonstrated small relative changes in physical activity for the population subgroups. Large differences in absolute values of physical activity between elite athletes and general adults existed, while the former still exhibited higher levels of physical activity than general adults during the lockdown period (Monterrosa Quintero et al, 2022 ; Shokri et al, 2022 ). Physical activity has been proven to improve sleep quality and mental health (Werneck and Carvalho, 2020 ), and some studies suggest that COVID-19 led to physical activity restriction, which may have led to changes in acute endocrine and metabolic profiles (Uchida et al, 2012 ), and thus inducing the decline in sleep quality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity and sleep among healthy adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2023

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BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on physical and mental health, while physical activity and sleep are two important indicators of the impact that have been explored in recent studies. However, the results of studies with different measurement methods and populations with different levels of physical activity have been diverse in that physical activity and sleep are affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in some studies but not in others. Our study aimed to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity and sleep and the role of measurement methods and populations on results.MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI databases were used to search for related studies systematically. Study characteristics and data on physical activity and sleep were collected and analyzed from each included study. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate pooled effect sizes.ResultsA total of 13 articles were included in the systematic review, 11 of which were included in the meta-analysis. We found that moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) time was 0.33 (95% CI 0.07 to 0.59) and sleep quality was 0.37 (95% CI 0.21 to 0.53) decreased, while sleep duration was −0.24 (95% CI −0.28 to −0.20) increased during the lockdown; overall physical activity time had no significant difference (p = 0.07) during the lockdown. The “wearables” subgroup had no heterogeneity (p = 0.89, I2 = 0) in sleep duration, while MVPA time measured by subjective scales was not significantly changed. The “elite athletes” subgroup had lower heterogeneity (p = 0.69, I2 = 0) in sleep duration than general adults, while the results of sleep quality for population subgroups were significant and there was no heterogeneity within either.ConclusionThe COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on MVPA time, sleep duration, and sleep quality, instead of overall physical activity time among healthy adults. The results of MVPA time and sleep duration were greatly influenced by the measurement methods, and sleep behavior differed among populations with varying physical activity levels. Thus, when researching physical activity, especially MVPA time, should consider measurement methods, and more attention should be given to differences in populations when researching sleep behavior.

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Levels of Physical Activity and Psychological Well-Being in Non-Athletes and Martial Art Athletes during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Cited by 14 publications

References 49 publications

Physical Activity Levels and Psychological Well-Being during COVID-19 Lockdown among University Students and Employees

Physical Activity Levels and Psychological Well-Being during COVID-19 Lockdown among University Students and Employees

Differences in Mental Health Characteristics of Athletes in Japanese Outpatient Clinics Pre- and Post-covid-19: a Cross-sectional Observational Study

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity and sleep among healthy adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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