Ecosystem-based adaptation to climate change impacts, such as shoreline retreat, has been promoted at the international, national, and even local levels. However, among scientists, opinions about how to implement it in spatial-planning practices are varied. Science-based environmental factors, human wellbeing, and sustainable development can be strengthened by developing spatial-planning-based ecosystem adaptations (SPBEAs). Therefore, this article aims to assess how the SPBEA model can be developed within an area prone to shoreline retreat. A coastal area of the Sayung subdistrict in Central Java, Indonesia, was selected as a study area because it has experienced a massive shoreline retreat. A multicriteria analysis (MCA) method was employed for developing the model by using the geographic information system (GIS) technique of analysis, divided into three steps: the fishpond zone determination, which involved the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method in the process of model development; the fishpond site determination; SPBEA fishpond site development. The results show that the SPBEA model is the best practice solution for combatting shoreline retreat because of tidal waves and/or sea-level rise. The spatial site management should empower the coastal protection zone and the sustainable fishpond zone by implementing a silvofishery approach.
Climate change has a greater effect on the long-term viability of coastal environments and people’s livelihood. The idea of using ecosystems to help people deal with the effects of climate change is becoming more common at the international, national, and local levels, especially when it comes to spatial planning. So, learning about spatial planning-based ecosystem adaptation (SPBEA) is important for early careers because they will be the ones who have to deal with the decisions made now. Coastal communities must also understand the steps they can take to lessen the effects of coastal disasters in their area. This study looks at how the SPBEA concept can be taught to early-career practitioners and coastal communities through training and workshops, and the effectiveness of online training in transferring knowledge. The method of training used the hybrid method for comparison. A hierarchical approach was taken, starting from the compilation of SPBEA teaching materials, followed by SPBEA training for early-career practitioners to generate SPBEA zoning and transferring the training results to the coastal communities. Online training is not as good as offline one, but it was advantageous for the participants. Indeed, the pond-farming community was excited about the implementation of SPBEA.
The application of remote sensing using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology to identify distribution of Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) as part of mitigation process has been done in PT. Jorong Barutama Greston. UAV imagery was interpreted visually to produce land cover map. Bare land area from land cover map is used as the boundary of the analysis area for the mitigation of AMD source. Color of soil in UAV images is used as training area for supervised classification to differentiate different pH. The result shows distribution of soil with pH between 2-3 is 1.2 ha, pH 3-4 is 4.5 ha, and pH 4-5 is 9 ha. This analysis can show that mapping results using aerial photo is effective to identify pH of soil in bare land as a source of acid to water in void and it used as input for revegetation and swamp forest planning as biophytoremediation efforts. Swamp forest as a wetland is one recomendation for sustainable water management on mine to increase pH and reduce heavy metal content. The success of constructed swamp forest as passive treatment for bio-phytoremediation is determined by the selection of plant species, site location, design and construction of swamp forest and maintenance. Typha latifolia, Salvinia sp., Fimbristylis globulosa, Chrysopogon zizanioides, Melaleuca leucadendra, Melaleuca cajuputi, Nauclea subdita and Nauclea orientalis L. are recommended as local selected plants for phytoremediation. Obtained six variables that significantly affected to determination of site location for constructed swamp forest are elevation (T), slope (S), land cover (L), cathment area (C), distance from channel (K) and distance from the monitoring pool (P). The model X = 0.2T + 0.2S + 0.1L + 0.15C + 0.3K + 0.05P applied to find very suitable area with α = 0.05 and the R-square (R2) value 93.4%..
Planting using seed ball, where seeds are enclosed in materials and planted directly to the field by throwing the seed balls or using aerial planting. This technique has been considered to speed up the rehabilitation of degraded land and forest. Formulation of materials to enclose the seed is important and could be specific for different seeds. Therefore, this research aims to determine the appropriate formulation of seed balls to enhance seeds germination and their subsequent growth. The research was conducted from February-June 2021 in a greenhouse. Three formulas have been tested, i.e. 1) Formula A: clay and compost (1:1); 2) Formula B: clay, compost, and insecticide (50:50:1); 3) Formula C: clay, sawdust, bone meal, and vermicompost (8:8:2:1). The seeds used were seeds of durian (Durio zibethinus), jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus), velvet apple (Diospyros blancoi), merbau (Intsia bijuga), and white teak (Gmelina arborea). The experimental design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 3 replications. The fastest germination rate of durian, jackfruit, and merbau seeds was recorded on Formula A, while velvet apple and white teak seeds were on Formula C. The best height growth of seedlings was found using coating Formula C, i.e. 17.98 cm within 3 months after planting.
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