SUMMARY1. Intracellular-Ca2+-force relationships were investigated in porcine epicardial coronary arteries by the simultaneous measurement of aequorin luminescence and isometric force.2. In response to K+ depolarization and histamine, force and aequorin light rose monophasically. In response to carbachol and serotonin, tonic contractions were accompanied by biphasic aequorin signals consisting of an initial spike followed by a low plateau. Contractions produced by prostaglandin F2. (PGF2u)
Most of today's 1.7 million women veterans obtain all or most of their medical care outside the VA health care system, where their veteran status is rarely recognized or acknowledged. Several aspects of women's military service have been associated with adverse psychologic and physical outcomes, and failure to assess women's veteran status, their deployment status, and military trauma history could delay identifying or treating such conditions. Yet few clinicians know of women's military history--or of military service's impact on women's subsequent health and well being. Because an individual's military service may be best understood within the historical context in which it occurred, we provide a focused historical overview of women's military contributions and their steady integration into the Armed Forces since the War for Independence. We then describe some of the medical and psychiatric conditions associated with military service.
We studied the effect of adenosine on cytoplasmic ionized calcium-force relationships in vascular smooth muscle (VSM) and determined the dose dependence of the observed effects. The bioluminescent protein aequorin was used as an index of cytoplasmic ionized calcium and was chemically loaded into ferret portal vein strips. The VSM strips were contracted with 33 mM potassium (K+), 5 X 10(-6) M phenylephrine (PE), or electrical stimulation. Force and aequorin light, i.e., cytoplasmic ionized calcium, were simultaneously recorded. Adenosine pretreatment (3.7 X 10(-6) M) reduced both force and light responses in contractures with K+, PE, or electrical stimulation. In contrast, the addition of adenosine during PE or K+ contractions decreased force without a change in light. Dose-response curves for the effects of adenosine on K+ contractures indicated that at low doses adenosine decreases force and cytoplasmic ionized calcium but that at high concentrations (greater than 3.7 X 10(-6) M) adenosine increases light and apparently relaxes VSM by desensitizing the myofilaments to cytoplasmic ionized calcium.
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