Sleeve patellar fractures in children are uncommon. Diagnosis can be missed, especially in those with a very small avulsed bony fragment. For undisplaced fracture, conservative management can achieve good results. For severely displaced fractures, early surgical intervention is effective.

Open reduction should only be performed after more conservative treatments fail to achieve reduction.

Conservative management had a 30% resolution rate. Surgery should be considered for large active cysts in the upper limbs in order to minimise the fracture risk.

Skin traction followed by spica casting for closed femoral shaft fractures in children is safe, cost-effective and associated with a low complication rate. It is effective in children below 5 years of age and no less effective in older children, except in instances of open fracture, multiple fractures, or older children with large statures, which conditions render them intolerant to spica casts.

No abstract