The cost of sustaining playground related extremity fractures in Singapore

Leung, Kenneth Wong Pak; Mahadev, Arjandas

doi:10.1016/j.injury.2010.05.024

Cited by 11 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…[4][5][6] The equivalent standard in Singapore is the "Specification for playground equipment for public use," which is approved by the General Engineering and Safety Standards Committee. 10 Over the past decade, the National Parks Board in Singapore has introduced several changes to the playground equipments. 8 A previous study in our institution also showed that playground injuries accounted for 19.5% of all childhood extremity fractures.…”

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confidence: 99%

Severity of Playground-related Fractures

Lam

Kumar

Mahadev

2013

Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics

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confidence: 99%

Severity of Playground-related Fractures

Lam

Kumar

Mahadev

2013

Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics

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“…Treatment costs ranges from $247.50 to $3792.50. The proportion of monkey bars in the playgrounds and their level of usage in the study subjects were again not reported in this study [ 27 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The mean age of playground-related injuries is around 6.8 to 7.5 years [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ].There is a notable high incidence of monkey bars related injuries (49% to 66%) across the various studies [ 25 , 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Advice on the safe usage of playground equipment should be displayed prominently at both public and private playgrounds to increase awareness of their appropriate use among both caregivers and children [ 25 ]. The mean age group of many studies were very well correlated [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ], parents should be extra cautious in supervision of the children who are around the age group of 6 to 8 years when they are playing in a playground. In addition to providing proper supervision of children playing in the playgrounds, caregivers should also try to maintain the child’s BMI within the recommended limits, as this may possibly decrease the incidence of severe fractures [ 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Childhood Injuries in Singapore: Can Local Physicians and the Healthcare System Do More to Confront This Public Health Concern?

Ong

Low

Vasanwala

2016

IJERPH

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Childhood injury is one of the leading causes of death globally. Singapore is no exception to this tragic fact, with childhood injuries accounting up to 37% of Emergency Department visits. Hence, it is important to understand the epidemiology and risk factors of childhood injuries locally. A search for relevant articles published from 1996–2016 was performed on PubMed, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar using keywords relating to childhood injury in Singapore. The epidemiology, mechanisms of injury, risk factors and recommended prevention strategies of unintentional childhood injuries were reviewed and described. Epidemiological studies have shown that childhood injury is a common, preventable and significant public health concern in Singapore. Home injuries and falls are responsible for majority of the injuries. Injuries related to childcare products, playground and road traffic accidents are also important causes. Healthcare professionals and legislators play an important role in raising awareness and reducing the incidence of childhood injuries in Singapore. For example, despite legislative requirements for many years, the low usage of child restraint seats in Singapore is worrisome. Thus, greater efforts in public health education in understanding childhood injuries, coupled with more research studies to evaluate the effectiveness and deficiencies of current prevention strategies will be necessary.

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“…As pointed out by Melo [4], there is a strong polarization in the public debate in Brazil about this issue. Some consider the process as virtuous as, in addition to a more robust democracy, the strengthening of sub-national levels of government should improve allocating efficiency in the government system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human resources for health and decentralization policy in the Brazilian health system

Pierantoni

García

2011

Hum Resour Health

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BackgroundThe Brazilian health reform process, following the establishment of the Unified Health System (SUS), has had a strong emphasis on decentralization, with a special focus on financing, management and inter-managerial agreements. Brazil is a federal country and the Ministry of Health (MoH), through the Secretary of Labour Management and Health Education, is responsible for establishing national policy guidelines for health labour management, and also for implementing strategies for the decentralization of management of labour and education in the federal states. This paper assesses whether the process of decentralizing human resources for health (HRH) management and organization to the level of the state and municipal health departments has involved investments in technical, political and financial resources at the national level.MethodsThe research methods used comprise a survey of HRH managers of states and major municipalities (including capitals) and focus groups with these HRH managers - all by geographic region. The results were obtained by combining survey and focus group data, and also through triangulation with the results of previous research.ResultsThe results of this evaluation showed the evolution policy, previously restricted to the field of 'personnel administration', now expanded to a conceptual model for health labour management and education-- identifying progress, setbacks, critical issues and challenges for the consolidation of the decentralized model for HRH management. The results showed that 76.3% of the health departments have an HRH unit. It was observed that 63.2% have an HRH information system. However, in most health departments, the HRH unit uses only the payroll and administrative records as data sources. Concerning education in health, 67.6% of the HRH managers mentioned existing cooperation with educational and teaching institutions for training and/or specialization of health workers. Among them, specialization courses account for 61.4% and short courses for 56.1%.ConclusionsDue to decentralization, the HRH area has been restructured and policies beyond traditional administrative activities have been developed. However, twenty years on from the establishment of the SUS, there remains a low level of institutionalization in the HRH area, despite recent efforts of the MoH.

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The cost of sustaining playground related extremity fractures in Singapore

Cited by 11 publications

References 16 publications

Severity of Playground-related Fractures

Severity of Playground-related Fractures

Childhood Injuries in Singapore: Can Local Physicians and the Healthcare System Do More to Confront This Public Health Concern?

Human resources for health and decentralization policy in the Brazilian health system

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