Marked reductions in HbA1c and FBG are achievable in T2DM patients managed with OADs. However, patient education and compliance are important for achieving and maintaining treatment targets.
The diagnosis of malaria may be overlooked and therefore delayed, in nonendemic areas such as Jakarta. Travel destinations associated with contracting malaria vary significantly for civilian and military populations. The factors affecting the peak months of importation likely include rainfall, holiday transit, military flight availability, and referral center locations.
Dietary patterns high in fibre and green leafy vegetables have shown an inverse association with lower risks of type 2 diabetes mellitus and improved glycaemic control. The study aimed to investigate the effects of increased vegetable intake and conventional diabetes diet on glycaemic control among type 2 diabetic patients. White-collar workers from one telecommunication company with type 2 diabetes were assigned to two treatment groups by cluster randomisation. Individuals with known type 2 diabetes and poor glycaemic control (HbA1c ≥8 g%) were eligible and a total of 84 subjects were recruited. Subjects in the intervention group (n 41) were offered to attend seminars and intensive coaching weekly to encourage them to increase raw vegetable intake. The control group (n 40) followed the conventional diet according to the guidelines of the Indonesian Society of Endocrinology. Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), plasma lipids, blood pressure, vegetable intake and anthropometric measurements were assessed at baseline and end line of 12 weeks intervention. A regression analysis was conducted using differences in HbA1C between baseline and 12 weeks as the dependent variable. Student's t test was conducted for the changes of biochemical indicators from baseline to end line during the period of 12 weeks intervention. Glycaemic control improved in the intervention group and mean HbA1C, fasting blood glucose and post-prandial blood glucose in the intervention group decreased significantly along with body weight, waist circumference and total cholesterol. The finding suggested that the intervention which emphasised raw vegetable intake contributed to improved glycaemic control among Indonesian adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a group of symptoms that arise due to increased blood sugar levels. Diabetes Mellitus type 2 has a higher risk of developing thyroid dysfunction. Thyroid dysfunction can affect various body metabolism and result in insulin resistance, significantly affecting glycemic control in DM patients. This study aimed to determine the relation between thyroid status as assessed by the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), and glycemic control (HbA1c). Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study. A sample of 38 DM patients was selected by purposive sampling. The dependent variable was glycemic control. The independent variables were TSH and FT4. Patients were classified into 4 quartiles (Q) based on their TSH and FT4 levels. Statistic test used was non parametric for category group of variables, which was Chi square test. Results: Mean of fasting blood glucose was 200,56 mg/dL (modus 137 mg/dL), mean of 2 hours post prandial blood glucose was 247 mg/dL (modus 305 mg/dL). Subjetcs with poor glycemic control dominated as much as 76%. Most subjects had TSH level at Q4 (36%), while most of the subjects had FT4 level at Q1 (34%). The results showed that 38 samples with poor glycemic control were 72% in the 4th quartile (Q4) (> 3.1750 mU / L) TSH, and 64.7% were in Q1 (≤ 11.8400) FT4. The analysis showed that there was a significant relation between TSH (p = 0.047) and FT4 (p = 0.041) with glycemic control in type 2 DM patients. Conclusion: FT4 and TSH levels relate to glycemic control in type 2 DM patients Keywords: TSH, FT4, HbA1c, Diabetes Mellitus Correspondence: Mila Citrawati. Department of Faal, Faculty of Medicine, UPN Veteran, Jakarta. Jl. RS Fatmawati, Pondok Labu, South Jakarta 12450, Telp. (021) 7656971. E-mail: milacitrawati@upnvj.ac.id. Mobile: 081282990515 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.12
<em>Obesitas sentral dikaitkan dengan perkembangan fatty liver dan peradangan hati. Indonesia memiliki prevalensi tertinggi untuk Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) di Asia Tenggara (30%), prevalensi yang sama juga dilaporkan di Provinsi DKI Jakarta.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan obesitas sentral dengan gambaran fatty liver pada USG abdomen di Poliklinik Bank Indonesia pada bulan Agustus–September 2017. Penelitian cross- sectional dilakukan pada bulan Agustus–September 2017. Kriteria inklusi adalah pasien obesitas sentral yang melakukan Ultrasonografi (USG) abdomen dengan fokus kelainan hati. Obesitas sentral dinilai dengan pengukuran antropometri yang terdiri dari indeks massa tubuh dan lingkar pinggang. Fatty Liver dikonfirmasi oleh USG abdomen yang berupa gambaran hiperekoik dan bright liver. Sampel diperoleh dengan menggunakan teknik fixed exposure sampling sehingga menghasilkan 42 subjek. Hubungan antara 2 variabel kategorik dianalisis dengan uji Chi-square menggunakan Statistical Product and Service Solution 21.0 (SPSS 21.0). Dari total 42 subjek, fatty liver ditemukan pada 31 subjek (73,8%). 26 subjek (61,9%) ditemukan memiliki obesitas sentral dan fatty liver. Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara obesitas sentral dan gambaran fatty liver pada USG abdomen (p: 0,003). Prevalence Odds Ratio (POR) menunjukkan peningkatan kemungkinan sebesar 9,1 kali lipat untuk subjek obesitas sentral menderita fatty liver. Terdapat hubungan antara obesitas sentral dengan fatty liver. Prevalence Odds Ratio (POR) yang menunjukkan peningkatan kemungkinan sebesar 9,1 kali lipat pada subjek obesitas sentral untuk menderita fatty liver daripada subjek tanpa obesitas sentral dapat memprediksi fatty liver pada individu dengan obesitas sentral.</em>
Micronutrients such as vitamins, minerals and trace elements influence various metabolic processes that are directly associated with immune functions, especially vitamin C and D. The adequacy of vitamin C in leukocytes plays a major role in the success of immune response, both innate and adaptive. The highest vitamin C concentrations were found in lymphocytes, monocytes, platelets and neutrophils respectively.
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