Coastal degradation can be observed as destruction of mangrove area. The impact of mangrove destruction is evidenced by a significantly eroded area. Further impacts included lessened biodiversity, especially in the mangrove ecosystem. This study aimed to determine the impact of coastal damage to the mangrove ecosystem in Karawang coastal areas. The mangrove degradation was identified from changes in mangrove covered area by utilizing data from several Landsat TM satellite imagery and ground check equipped with GPS and Google Earth applications. Data from the inventory of mangrove area issued by the Perhutani of KPH Purwakarta 2017 were also used as supplement in determining the extent of destruction. From satellite imagery, the mangrove area in 2017 was 258 hectares. This area was only approximately 3% of the total area of mangrove protected areas assigned by the Regency Spatial Plan. Compared to the condition in 2009, the coastal destruction was significant. The worst mangrove degradation occurred in the sub-districts of Cibuaya, Tempuran, and Cilamaya Wetan. The coastal communities were aware of the problem. They understood that this problem was caused by coastal abrasion and land use change, wild catch, milkfish and shrimp aquaculture, salt ponds, rice farms, and tourism.
The northern part of Karawang is a coastal area with mostly mud-sand substrates. This substrate tends to be unstable, so that naturally, this kind of sediment is supported by coastal vegetation that forms coastal ecosystems, such as mangroves; therefore, the importance of mangroves in Karawang coast is definite. Unfotunately the data regarding the condition of mangroves in Karawang Regency is quite insufficient. This information, especially about its existence, is needed as a database for further research and as basis to support government policies on coastal area management. The aim of this research is to provide information about the existence of mangrove in Karawang Regency. The method is by using Normalized Different Vegetation Index (NDVI) calculations on Landsat 8 2018 satellite imagery of Karawang to get the data that reveal the information. We have discovered that the existing of mangroves in Karawang Regency in 2018 is 305,14 Ha. Border coast that is vegetated is only 33.75 km of 77 km long coastline of Karawang. Only less than 5% of the total mangrove protected area in Karawang Regency is detected as mangrove from the total 9.055 Ha of the area.
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