Objective To assess the role of maternal demographic characteristics, uterine artery Doppler velocimetry, maternal serum pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, and low 0.43; 95% CI,. Increased uterine artery PI was the only independent factor in the prediction of placental abruption (OR, 8.49; 95% CI,

Perinatal mortality and morbidity is markedly increased in intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) fetuses. Prenatal identification of IUGR is the first step in clinical management. For that purpose a uniform definition and criteria are required. The etiology of IUGR is multifactorial and whenever possible it should be assessed. When the cause is of placental origin, it is possible to identify the affected fetuses. The major complication is chronic fetal hypoxemia. By monitoring the changes of fetal vital functions it is thus possible to improve both management and outcome. The timing of delivery is crucial but the optimal management scheme has not yet been identified. When IUGR is identified at very early gestational ages, serial assessments of the risk of continuing the in utero fetal life under adverse conditions versus the risks of the prematurity should be performed. Delivery of IUGR fetuses should take place in centers where appropriate neonatal *This paper was produced under the auspices of the WAPM for a consensus on issues in perinatal practice, coordinated by Giampaolo Mandruzzato, MD. **Corresponding author: Giampaolo Mandruzzato, MD Via del Lazzaretto vecchio 9 34132 Trieste Italy E-mail: mandruzzatogiampaolo@tin.it assistance can be provided. Careful monitoring of the IUGR fetus during labor is crucial as the IUGR fetus can quickly decompensate once uterine contractions have started.

II-1.

No abstract

Histological abnormalities were observed more frequently in the diabetic placentas compared to the controls. These findings support the hypothesis that impaired placental function is one of the main reasons for the increased frequency of fetal complications in diabetic pregnancies.

Objective To assess the feasibility of examining cardiac and non-cardiac fetal anatomy in a low-risk population in the setting of the routine 11-14-week ultrasound scan. Methods

ABSTRACT

In accordance with the present worldwide revival of the disease, mainly because of massive numbers of migrating population, this subject is reviewed, reminding us of a rather uncommon clinical entity.