Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent malignancy that affects a large percentage of the global population. The conventional treatments for CRC have a number of limitations. Nanoparticles have emerged as a promising cancer treatment method due to their ability to directly target cancer cells and regulate drug release, thereby enhancing therapeutic efficacy and minimizing side effects. This compilation examines the use of nanoparticles as drug delivery systems for CRC treatment. Different nanomaterials can be used to administer anticancer drugs, including polymeric nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, liposomes, and solid lipid nanoparticles. In addition, we discuss recent developments in nanoparticle preparation techniques, such as solvent evaporation, salting-out, ion gelation, and nanoprecipitation. These methods have demonstrated high efficacy in penetrating epithelial cells, a prerequisite for effective drug delivery. This article focuses on the various targeting mechanisms utilized by CRC-targeted nanoparticles and their recent advancements in this field. In addition, the review offers descriptive information regarding numerous nano-preparative procedures for colorectal cancer treatments. We also discuss the outlook for innovative therapeutic techniques in the management of CRC, including the potential application of nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery. The review concludes with a discussion of current nanotechnology patents and clinical studies used to target and diagnose CRC. The results of this investigation suggest that nanoparticles have great potential as a method of drug delivery for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
As per International Diabetes Federation Report 2022, worldwide diabetes mellitus (DM) caused 6.7M moralities and ~537M adults suffering from diabetes mellitus. It is a chronic condition due to β-cell destruction or insulin resistance that leads to insulin deficiency. This review discusses Type-1 DM and Type-2 DM pathophysiology in detail, with challenges in management and treatment. The toxicity issues of conventional drugs and insulin injections are complex to manage. Thus, there is a need for technological intervention. In recent years, nanotechnology has found a fruitful advancement of novel drug delivery systems that might potentially increase the efficacy of anti-diabetic drugs. Amongst nano-formulations, polymeric nanoparticles have been studied to enhance the bioavailability and efficacy of anti-diabetic drugs and insulin. In the present review, we summarized polymeric nanoparticles with different polymers utilized to deliver anti-diabetic drugs with in vitro and in vivo studies. Furthermore, this review also includes the role of receptors and ligands in diabetes mellitus and the utilization of receptor-ligand interaction to develop targeted nanoparticles. Additionally, we discussed the utility of nanoparticles for the delivery of phytoconstituents which aids in protecting the oxidative stress generated during diabetes mellitus.
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Adherence has been defined as the “voluntary, active, and collaborative involvement of the patients in mutually acceptable courses of behaviour to produce desired therapeutic effects”. Medication adherence generally illustrates the term as to whether the patients take their medicines as per prescription instruction and either they keep on to take a prescribed medication. Medication adherence performance has thus been classified into two head conceptions, namely, adherence and persistence. Whilst theoretically similar, adherence refers to concentration of drug utilization for the duration of the ongoing treatment, whereas persistence refers to the general interval of drug therapy. Improving prescription adherence may impact the well-being of the populace than the revelation of any new treatment. Indian patients are not adherent to their medication half the time, mainly due to lack of proper education and patient counselling. Albeit most doctors do not accept adherence basically because of the absence of access or neglect, and no adherence can frequently be a purposeful decision made by the Indian patients. Persistent covering of their medicine taking conduct is regularly persuaded by feelings with respect to both supplier and the patient, prompting possible desperate outcomes. On time medicine taking behaviour of the patients have great impact on the health of people than the need for new treatment option. KEY WORDS Medication Adherence, Drug Therapy, Prescription, Wellbeing, Compliance, Chronic Disease
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