Clinacanthus nutans Lindau is known as snake grass belonging to the Acanthaceae family. This plant has diverse and potential medicinal uses in traditional herbal medicine for treating skin rashes, insects and snake bites, lesions caused by herpes simplex virus, diabetes, and gout in Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and China. Phytochemical investigations documented the varied contents of bioactive compounds from this plant namely flavonoids, glycosides, glycoglycerolipids, cerebrosides and monoacylmonogalatosylglycerol. The pharmacological experiment proved that various types of extracts and pure compounds from this species exhibited a broad range of biological properties such as anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, and anti-diabetic activities. The findings of toxicity study showed that extracts from this plant did not show any toxicity thus it can be used as strong therapeutic agents for specific diseased conditions. However, further experiments on chemical components and their mode of action showing biological activities are required to elucidate the complete phytochemical profile and assess to confirm their suitability for future drugs. This review summarizes the medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of this plant in order to explore its therapeutic potential and gaps necessitating for prospected research work.
The transformation of the BRAC MANOSHI programme from humanitarian to a social enterprise model, has made it increasingly urgent to enumerate the minimum number of door-todoor antenatal care (ANC) visits by community health workers (CHWs), for the purpose of effectively improving facility delivery. Thus prevent social exclusion of poor slum communities in Bangladesh with regard to safe motherhood and essential newborn care (ENC). This crosssectional study was conducted, during March-July, 2015 in slums of Chittagong, Dhaka and Sylhet city corporations of Bangladesh. A census was conducted among 25,700 households covering 10 branch offices of MANOSHI to identify women with a delivery outcome in the preceding three years of the survey. A total of 1100 respondents were interviewed randomly through a structured questionnaire. These women were stratified into three categories-1, 2 & 3, consisting of 497, 205 and 398 women respectively. Women in category-1 did not receive any ANC checkup from the BRAC CHWs, while women in category-2 and category-3 received one to three and �four ANC checkups from BRAC CHWs respectively. Data was analysed using STATA Version 13 (Chicago Inc.). Findings revealed that women, who received �four ANC checkups from BRAC CHWs, are 25% more likely to avail facility delivery [adjusted Prevalence Ratio (aPR) 1.25; 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.01-1.54)] compared to the women who did not receive any ANC from BRAC CHWs. Women in category-2 [aPR3.64; 95% CI (1.76-7.54)] and in category-3 [aPR5.92; 95% CI (3.04-11.53)] respectively had four and six folds higher tendency to receive postnatal care (PNC) within 48 hours after delivery. Furthermore, facility delivery improved PNC assisted by medically trained providers (MTPs) within 48 hours after delivery and ENC in both categories 2 & 3. The evidence shows that at least four ANC visits of BRAC CHWs can increase institutional delivery, and which can further facilitate PNC and ENC visits. At present, the BRAC MANOSHI programme needs to implement feasible strategies to include pregnant women in the slums in receiving at least four ANC checkups by BRAC CHWs for ensuring safe motherhood and newborn care.
The study was conducted among 104 mango producer through primary data collection to assess the profitability in mango production, demographic and socio-economic condition of farmers in four villages of Northern region of Bangladesh. The study encompasses the comparison of cost and profit of other crop with mango cultivation. Most farmers depend on mango production because the climate is unfavorable for field crop production but very conducive for mango cultivation in Barind ecosystem. Problem Confrontation Index (PCI) was used to measure the problems of mango production. On the basis of PCI formula, out of the 16 problems, insects and diseases infestation was identified as the major problem with PCI 429 followed by dropping of fruits and flowers with PCI 409. Lack of better varieties/ Seedling/ grafts, modern technology and climate change was also three major problems with PCI 387, 193 and 276 respectively. Cost and return analysis of mango production revealed that 10 mango varieties are founds as profitable with the higher working investment and human labor development. Cultivator had to spend 106659 taka for one hectors of land or 120 mango trees and average profit was 299010. Average profit from mango cultivation (299010Tk/ha) was higher than Average profit from onion cultivation (260412Tk/ha).Most farmers (about 87%) practiced intercropping with mango. the cost incurred by Harvesting, Sorting and Grading of mango cultivation was more than other crops. Although respondents certified that Rajshahi district is profitable in respect of mango production further study should be taken place with other variables and characteristics.
Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.6(1): 79-90, April 2019
INTRODUCTION
Brucellosis, a worldwide spreading zoonotic disease, is caused by the Gram-negative bacteria known as Brucella. Humans acquire infection through direct contact with blood, urine, the placenta of animals, inhalation of dust or aerosol in infected animal farms, and raw milk and meat intake. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of brucellosis in dairy farmers in and around the Aligarh region of North India, to document various clinical signs and symptoms in Brucella-positive individuals, and to create awareness in dairy farmers aware about brucellosis and ways to prevent it.
METHODS
This was an observational study that comprised 125 dairy farmers in and around the Aligarh Region. Serum Samples were taken from this high-risk group after taking informed consent. Also, a pre-designed proforma was used to collect information about their knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) about brucellosis and assess the risk factors of the disease. Rose Bengal Test (RBT), Serum Agglutination Test (SAT), and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) were done to detect the seroprevalence of brucellosis.
RESULT
Brucella infection was diagnosed in 65 (52%) cases by Indirect ELISA (IgM+ IgG), 41 (32.8%) by RBT, and 4 (3.2%) by SAT. Significant clustering of patients was seen in the 20-55 years age group. The most common symptom in ELISA IgM-positive patients was joint pain prevalent (16.07%), Fatigue (14.28%), Anorexia (12.50%), weight loss (8.92%), Malaise (5.35%), Undulant fever (3.57%), Night sweats (3.57%) and headache (1.78%). The findings of this study indicate that ELISA (IgM + IgG) exhibits great sensitivity as compared to SAT and RBT. KAP was very poor among dairy farmers.
CONCLUSION
In India, Brucella is a frequent but severely underreported illness. ELISA is the most sensitive serological test for diagnosing Brucellosis. No potential vaccine has yet been introduced for humans against Brucellosis. Thus, it is necessary to impart awareness and sensitize the high-risk groups about Brucellosis.
Since 2008, Bangladesh has had a school-based deworming programme to combat soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infection among school-aged children (SACs). Existing programmes have trouble reaching SACs, especially those out-of-school (OSCs). This study evaluated deworming coverage among school going children (SGCs) and OSCs in two Nilphamari sub-districts. It also evaluated community knowledge on STH control and deworming coverage in both areas for all SACs. Saidpur (intervention) and Kishoregonj (control) sub-districts, in Nilphamari, were surveyed in December 2019. The survey included SACs and their parents. Among SGCs, the intervention group (89.0%) had higher deworming coverage than the control group (75.5%). In the intervention group, 59.9% of OSCs received the deworming tablet versus 24.6% in the control group. Community involvement activities including door-to-door visits, courtyard gatherings, and miking benefited both SACs and their primary caregivers. SACs living in the intervention region, awareness of the last pill distribution date, and caregivers observing BRAC workers in action, were linked to SAC deworming coverage. Re-strategizing the deworming programme to include the OSCs is vital and suggests timely action. Building community awareness and periodic epidemiological assessment can further facilitate an improved drug intake.
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