Objectives: To investigate the prevalence and impacts of heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) on anemia, fatigue, and the quality of life (QoL) in women of reproductive age. Methods: This study was conducted among 306 women of reproductive age who presented at the internal medicine outpatient departments of the training and research hospital of a university. The data of the study were collected by the “Data collection form”, “SF-36 Quality of Life Scale (SF-36 QoLS)” and “Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI)”. Results: The prevalence of HMB in women of reproductive age was 37.9%. The ferritin level and physical functions were found to decrease significantly as the duration of menstruation increased (p<0.05). Besides, a positive but very weak relationship was found between the menstruation duration and the subdimensions of the global BFI and the general health perception subscale of the SF-36 QoLS (p<0.05). Conclusion: It was determined that HMB is common and has negative effects on anemia, fatigue and some subdimensions of the QoL. Regular screening for HMB that may not be expressed by many women may therefore be useful in preventing and resolving the health problems that it will cause. How to cite this:Kocaoz S, Cirpan R, Degirmencioglu AZ. The prevalence and impacts heavy menstrual bleeding on anemia, fatigue and quality of life in women of reproductive age. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(2):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.2.644 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
This study was conducted to determine the metabolic syndrome prevalence in women and evaluate its effect on the quality of life and sleep. Materials and Methods: This descriptive and crosssectional study was completed with 372 women. Data were collected using a descriptive questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the SF 36 Quality of Life Scale.. Results: The metabolic syndrome prevalence in women was 41.9%, according to the International Diabetes Federation diagnostic criteria. The mean scores obtained from the sleep quality index by those with metabolic syndrome were significantly higher than those without metabolic syndrome. The median scores obtained from the physical function and role difficulty, pain, general health perception, and mental summary sub-dimensions of the SF-36 quality of life scale by the women who were found to have metabolic syndrome were lower than those without metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome was found to be common in women and to affect the quality of life and sleep negatively in women in this study. We, therefore, recommend women to be evaluated in terms of metabolic syndrome at regular intervals and healthcare professionals to provide training and consultancy services to promote healthy living behaviors that could improve their quality of life and sleep. Amaç: Çalışma, kadınlarda metabolik sendrom prevalansını belirlemek ve metabolik sendromun uyku ve yaşam kalitesi üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gereç veYöntem: Bu tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipteki çalışma 372 kadınla tamamlanmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri tanımlayıcı anket formu, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) ve SF 36 Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır.. Bulgular: Çalışmamızda Uluslararası Diyabet Federasyonu tanı kriterlerine göre kadınların %41.9'unda metabolik sendrom olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kadınların uyku kalitesi değerlendirildiğinde, metabolik sendrom saptanan kadınların Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index toplam puan ortalamasının, metabolik sendrom saptanmayan kadınlardan daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Metabolik sendrom saptanan kadınların SF-36 yaşam kalitesi ölçeğinin fiziksel fonksiyon, fiziksel rol güçlüğü, ağrı, genel sağlık algısı alt boyut puan ortancaları ile mental özet skoru alt boyut puan ortancasının metabolik sendrom saptanmayan kadınlardan daha düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Çalışma sonucunda metabolik sendromun kadınlarda yaygın olarak görüldüğü, kadınların uyku ve yaşam kalitesini olumsuz yönde etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlar doğrultusunda kadınların uyku ve yaşam kalitelerini iyileştirebilmek için düzenli aralıklarla metabolik sendrom yönünden değerlendirilmesi ve kadınlara sağlıklı yaşam davranışları kazanmaları konusunda eğitim ve danışmanlık hizmetlerinin verilmesi önerilmektedir.
activity index in liver biopsy and serum HBV DNA levels as well (4). From this point of view, we believe that determining the HBV DNA level is of paramount importance in terms of disease activity, determination of prognosis, and planning of the management. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare HBV DNA levels according to Child-Pugh stage in patients who developed cirrhosis due to hepatitis B virus infection.
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